Biases
After losing a game, Maya says, “I knew we were going to lose.” Which bias is she showing?
hindsight bias
A psychologist studies how rewards and punishments shape a child’s classroom behavior. Which perspective is this?
behaviorism
A researcher predicts that students who sleep 8 hours will score higher on tests than those who don’t. What is this prediction called?
hypothesis
In a class of 30 students, the most common test score is 85. Which measure is this?
mode
Before an experiment, participants are told they can quit at any time and given details about the study. What is this called?
informed consent
Kevin only looks for news articles that support his opinion on climate change. What bias is this?
confirmation bias
Dr. Lee looks at how brain chemistry and genetics influence depression. Which perspective is he using?
biological
Dr. Smith randomly assigns participants to a caffeine group or a no-caffeine group to see the effect on memory. What research method is this?
experiment
A difficult exam caused only a few students to score very high, making the mean higher than the median. What kind of skew is this?
positive skew
After an experiment involving deception, the researcher explains the real purpose of the study. What is this?
debriefing
Julia is sure she will ace her AP Psych exam because she’s “better than most people,” but she didn’t study. What bias is this?
overconfidence
A therapist helps a client uncover childhood memories to resolve current anxiety. Which perspective is this?
psychodynamic
Another researcher repeats Dr. Smith’s study to confirm the results. 1. What is this called? and 2. what do they need to have in order to be successful?
1. replication, 2.operational definition
On a normal curve, what percent of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
68%
A 12-year-old agrees to be in a study with parental permission. What is this called?
informed assent
During an experiment, a researcher unintentionally smiles more at participants in the treatment group. What is this an example of?
experimenter bias
A researcher examines how gender roles influence behavior in different countries. Which perspective is this?
sociocultural
A study finds that exercise and happiness are related, but researchers can’t tell which causes which. What problem is this?
A study shows that people's favorite colors relate to shoe size. What problem is this?
1. directionality problem, 2. third variable problem
A study finds a significant difference between two groups, meaning the results are unlikely due to chance. What concept explains this?
statistical significance, measured by p-value lower than .05
Before a study starts, a committee reviews it to ensure safety and ethical practices. What is this committee called?
institutional review board- IRB
In a survey, students report they exercise daily because they want to appear healthy, even though they don’t. What bias is this?
social desirability bias
A psychologist studies why certain fears helped early humans survive. Which perspective explains this?
evolutionary
Identify each of the research types below in correct order.
1. A psychologist spends two years observing one child with a rare disorder. What research method is being used?
2. A psychologist watches high school students enter the classroom to see how they behave during the first five minutes of class.
3. the only research type that can prove CAUSATION
4. The more you study, the higher you score on the test
5. A psychologist reviews multiple studies on the same topic to come to an ultimate conclusion
1. case study
2. naturalistic observation
3. experiment
4. positive correlation
5. meta-analysis
1. A graph of test scores shows two peaks because there are two common score ranges. What type of distribution is this?
2. The mean, median, and mode are all the same. What type of distribution is this?
1. bimodal distribution
2. normal distribution
In a study, someone pretends to be another participant but is actually working with the experimenter. What is this person called?
confederate