Biases
What is a placebo
the average of all scores are added up and divided by the number of scores, may be skewed by outlying scores
what is the mean
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations, hasn't been proven.
What is a theory
the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment that is to one version of the independent variable
what is the experimental group
to be able to claim that an event directly results from another event
Tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy to one's beliefs and judgments.
What is overconfidence
a measure of variation computed as the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
what is range
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
what is a hypothesis
a group in the experiment which a variable is not being tested
what is the control group
a measurable increase in one variable will lead to predictive increase in another
what is positive correlation
Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have seen it.
What is hindsight bias
if a result is unlikely to have occurred by chance
what is statistical significance
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different subjects in different situations, to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and circumstances, essential in research.
what is replication
the factor being manipulated and tested by the investigator
what is independent variable
a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa
what is negative correlation
A cognitive bias whereby a person tends to overestimate how much other people agree with him or her.
What is the false consensus effect
concerned with the dispersion of the scores;
what is measures of variability
Everyone in a population has an equal chance of being studied
the factor being measured by the investigator
what is the dependent variable
a number that represents the strength on the relationship between variables; ranges in value from zero to one (+/-).
what is correlation coefficient
The false perception of a relationship where none exists
What is illusory correlation
a researcher generalizes the results from a particular sample to an entire population
what is statistical inference
a statement of the procedures used to define research variables
what is an operational definition
a person that is employed by the people doing research to act in a specific way to impact the experiment
what is a confederate
an observed correlation between two variables may be due to the common correlation of each of the variables along with a third variable rather than an underlying relationship between the two being tested
what is the third variable problem