Attribution
How people explain good and bad events in their lives and the lives of others. This can be optimistic or pessimistic
Explanatory style
Expectations and norms that society has for an individual
Social Norms
A patient being shown a series of black splotches on paper and being asked what the images look like to them is being given what type of test
Rorschac Test
Ink Blot Test
Projective test
Nick is smiling even though he does not feel happy. After a short time he feels happier. The best explanation for Nick’s change in mood is
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
This theory argues that physiological needs create aroused psychological states that cause us to try to satisfy those needs.
Drive Theory
Ashley began her banking career as a teller, but she was quickly promoted to increasingly more responsible managerial positions. Despite the fact that she has very limited experience to justify her promotions, she believes that she has been successful because she is very talented. What is Ashley using to justify her success?
self-serving bias
The tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, country, brand, or product to positively influence one’s opinions or feelings
Halo Effect
The theory that people show fairly high levels of stability in their traits from year to year is known as
Trait theory
Big 5 Personality Traits
Convincing yourself that your own actions or mental processes also apply to other people to protect yourself from internal discomfort is an example of what ego-defense mechinism?
Projection
Which theory can be attributed to the need to sleep after a long period of not sleeping or drinking water when you're thirsty?
Drive Reduction theory
Bill mistakenly believes that his coworker Natalia dislikes him. As a result, Bill avoids Natalia and is not friendly toward her. Natalia notices this and then begins to dislike Bill. This scenario is an example of what?
self-fulfilling prophecy
When watching the Olympics, most people cheer for athletes from their own country. Often, fans believe that athletes from other countries cheat but athletes from their own country would never cheat. This is an example of what psychological concept?
In-group Bias
People who believe that their efforts will be successful and that they are in control of events have a high level of what?
self-efficacy
Pam works hard in school because her parents give her ten dollars for every A she receives. Pam’s parents are attempting to influence her academic efforts by capitalizing on what type of motivation?
Extrinsic Motivation
According to Lewin’s motivational conflict theory, approach-avoidance conflict occurs when a situation has what aspects?
Deborah says that she is not interested in dating anyone at her workplace. However, after spending time with her coworker James at a week-long conference, she finds herself attracted to him and begins to pursue a relationship. Deborah’s interest in James is most likely due to:
The mere-exposure effect
Frank comes out of his monthly meeting of conspiracy theorists even more convinced than ever that there is a secret group trying to take over the world. Frank’s experience best illustrates
group polarization
Channeling unacceptable or uncomfortable emotions or impulses into constructive, socially acceptable activities
Sublimation
The theory that positive emotions tend to broaden awareness and increase new thoughts/actions; negative emotions tend to narrow awareness and decrease new thoughts/actions is known as the
Broaden and Build Theory
Rosemary wants to make the track team because she enjoys running. Her reason for wanting to make the track team is an example of
Intrinsic motivation
Justine transferred to a new school where she does not know anyone. She does not talk to others and sits by herself at lunch. Her classmates assume she is arrogant and rude.
What principle best explains the assumption of Justine’s new classmates?
Fundamental Attribution Error
"Improved lighting conditions will lead to increased worker productivity and reduced errors in the workplace" is a statement likely to be made by what type of psychologist?
An industrial-organizational psychologist
Acting in a way opposite of your true feelings
Reaction formation
Researchers were interested in studying cultural differences in emotional expression. The researchers conducted a study in which all American and Japanese participants watched films of surgery both alone and in the presence of a researcher.
When both American and Japanese participants were alone, they showed the same facial expressions, namely disgust and fear. However, when in the presence of the researcher, the American participants continued to show their negative emotions, while the Japanese participants masked their negative emotions with a smile.
What concept best explains this?
Display rules
Dr. Cabello is studying how much pressure people need to perform at their best. She created a survey that asks volunteer participants from the college where she works how stressful they find different kinds of stimuli. The survey uses a scale starting at 1 which means they find the stimulus not stressful at all and ends at 5 which means they find the stimulus extremely stressful. She then collects their overall grade point average data and compares their survey ratings to their grade point averages.
What psychological concept is Dr. Cabello exploring with this study?
Yerkes-Dodson Law