Thinking
Thinking about thinking
What is metacognition?
A rule of thumb used in solving problems or making decisions
What is a heuristic?
Proposed that humans are equipped with an innate language acquisition device
Who is Noam Chomsky?
A child's mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100
What is the intelligence quotient?
"ch" "a" "t" "s"
What is a phoneme?
When you suddenly discover the solution to a problem after struggling with it for a while; an "aha!" feeling
What is insight?
When you assume something is more likely because it matches your expectation/prototype
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Created the first useful intelligence test, aimed at predicting children's success in school
Who is Alfred Binet?
This is high when an IQ test measures what it was designed to measure
What is validity?
The smallest unit of meaning in language
What is a morpheme?
What is a mental set?
Explains why people might think they are more likely be in a plane crash than in a car accident
What is the availability heuristic?
Proposes that humans have 8 independent intelligences
Who is Howard Gardner?
One of Gardner's intelligences that includes an excellent ability to know oneself
What is intrapersonal intelligence?
Tells us that adding "-ed" makes a word past tense
What is semantics?
Continuing to believe something after receiving evidence that disconfirms it
What is belief perseverance?
Solving a problem by systematically trying every solution
What is an algorithm?
Replaced the intelligence quotient for the normal distribution in his intelligence test
Who is David Weschler?
Increased schooling and more demanding curricula are proposed explanations for this 100+ year trend of higher IQ scores
What is the Flynn effect?
Without prior exposure to language, a child cannot truly learn any language beyond this point
What is a critical period?
Using a shoe to hammer a nail is an example of overcoming this
What is functional fixedness?
Asking a question in a more or less appealing way to change the asnwer rates
Who is Benjamin Lee Whorf?
According to Sternberg, this type of intelligence helps you solve problems encountered in everyday life
What is practical intelligence?
Type of infant speech around 24 months that only uses essential words to communicate; resembles many text messages today
What is telegraphic speech?