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Concepts and Problem Solving 1
Concepts and Problem Solving 2
Making Decisions and Forming Judgments
Language Structure
Language Development
100
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
What is cognition?
100
A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem.
What is insight?
100
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
What is mental set?
100
The way an issue is posed.
What is framing?
100
The smallest unit that carries meaning.
What is morpheme?
200
A mental image or best example of a category.
What is prototype?
200
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
What is creativity?
200
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
What is availability heuristic?
200
The way we combine our spoken, written, or signed words to communicate meaning.
What is language?
200
System of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
What is grammar?
300
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
What is concept?
300
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
What is confirmation bias?
300
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
What is representativeness heuristic?
300
The smallest distinctive sound unit.
What is phoneme?
300
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly nouns and words. ("Go car")
What is telegraphic speech?
400
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.
What is heuristic?
400
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.
What is functional fixedness?
400
The tendency to be more confident than correct.
What is overconfidence?
400
Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.
What is syntax?
400
Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds.
What is babbling stage?
500
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
What is algorithm?
500
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.
What is fixation?
500
Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
What is belief perseverance?
500
Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences in a given laguage.
What is semantics?
500
Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think.
What is linguistic determinism?