S&P 1
S&P 2
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Mods 28, 29, and 30
100

a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). 

signal detection theory

100

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

perceptual set

100

The bell in Pavlov's dog salivation experiment BEFORE conditioning occurs (i.e. NS, US, UR, CS, CR)

NS

100

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

law of effect

100

a system for electronically recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pressure or muscle tension.

biofeedback

200

this is the process whereby energy is converted into a different form; happens when light/sound waves are converted into neural impulses that our brains can interpret

transduction

200

this type of processing is guided by higher-level mental processes, like when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

top-down processing

200

The salivation in Pavlov's dog experiment AFTER conditioning occurs (i.e. NS, US, UR, CS, CR)

CR

200

In order to teach his new player how to play golf, the coach first had them hold a club to practice their grip, then had them swing without a ball, and then finally swing the club at a ball. At each step of the process, the coach gave the player praise and high fives each time they got closer to the desired behavior. What is this process called?

shaping

200

Mr. Schauer teaches high school students not for the financial reward, but for the feeling of accomplishment he feels watching them learn. What is this type of motivation?

intrinsic motivation

300

This part of the eye is a muscle that controls the size of the pupil, controlling how much light is allowed in

iris

300

Mr. Schauer starts to wear a Tom Ford cologne to try and smell cool like Harry Styles. At first his students easily notice the smell, but eventually come to no longer smell it after he wears it long enough. 

sensory adaptation

300

Mr. Schauer, a former theater member in high school, used to feel nervous every time he stepped onto the auditorium stage. However, after revisiting his old high school, he no longer feels nervous. What has occurred? (i.e. acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination)

extinction

300

Mr. Schauer gives every student who texts in class a pair of finger traps to encase their index fingers. After this, the amount of texting in class goes down. Name the type of operant conditioning at play (positive/negative, reinforcement/punishment)

positive punishment

300

the neural basis for observational learning (Hint: 2 words)

mirror neurons

400

these three bones, the smallest in the human body, transmit sound waves to the cochlea 

hammer, anvil, stirrup

400

Mr. Schauer stares at the American flag on his wall for a minute, then looks at the wall it is hung on. Instead of seeing red and blue, he instead sees green and yellow. Which theory of color perception supports this?

opponent-process theory

400

Mr. Schauer's heart rate spikes in stress every time he hears the voice of his students, but does not have the same heart rate spike when he hears the voice of his wife. What has occurred? (i.e. acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination)

discrimination

400

Mr. Schauer gets a migraine after his sophomores refuse to stop singing The Rock's rap verse about drive and power. He takes Ibuprofen, and will continue to do so in the future after it removes the headache. Name the type of operant conditioning at play (positive/negative, reinforcement/punishment)

negative reinforcement

400

Mr. Schauer comes into school dressed in the coolest Skechers anyone has ever seen and screams "sup fam! History finna be lit!" The following week, students have followed Mr. Schauer's example and have come to school in the same shoes using the same phrases. What process of learning has Mr. Schauer engaged in with his students? (Hint: 1 word)

modeling

500

Mr. Schauer is trying to listen for a student who is playing a tone on their phone trying to annoy him. When the student increases the tone to a frequency of 50Hz, he doesn't hear it the first time, but hears it the second time. What is this frequency an example of for him?

absolute threshold

500

Mr. Schauer knows that the students in the front row of his class appear slightly bigger to him than the students in the back row only because they are closer to him and the back row is farther away. What is this monocular cue called?

relative size

500

classical conditioning involves pairing originally neutral stimuli with unconditioned stimuli in order to produce automatic responses. Name the term that refers to these automatic responses. (Hint: 2 words)

respondent behavior

500

Mr. Schauer and his wife are vacationing in Las Vegas. His wife goes up to the hotel room and leaves Mr. Schauer alone to wait in the lobby. His attention is caught by a giant Batman themed slot machine with flashing lights and a comfy chair. Mr. Schauer plays the slot machine by putting in money and pressing a big red button. He can press the button any number of times, but does not know after how many times he will win. Name the schedule of reinforcement (i.e. fixed/variable, ratio/interval)

variable ratio

500

A dog is trapped in a locked cage and given repeated electric shocks without being able to escape. After enough time, the dog comes to learn that it cannot get out of the cage. Eventually, the cage is unlocked and the door opened. However, when shocked again, the dog still stays in their cage and does not escape. What is this phenomenon called?

learned helplessness