Sleep Consciousness
What is Conciousness?
Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Explain sleep as a state of consciousness
a periodic, natural loss of consciousness
Dream: a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.
What is Sensation?
Sensation: the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
What are the Stages of Counciousness
Waking; Sleeping; under the influence of drugs
Circadian rhythm:
Circadian rhythm: our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
Name one of the several explanations of why we dream.
Sigmund Freud proposed the wish fulfillment.
The information processing theory
the activation synthesis theory
What are Sensory receptors?
Sensory receptors: sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli
What is Cognitive Neuroscience?
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating).
What NREM Stand for?
non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
Explain at lest 3 of the major sleep disorders Explained in class.
Insomnia: recurring problems in falling and staying asleep.
Narcolepsy: a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The affected person may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Sleep apnea: a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
REM sleep behavior disorder: a sleep disorder in which normal REM paralysis does not occur; instead, twitching, kicking or punching may occur, often acting out one’s dream
What is Perception?
Perception: the process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory information, enabling us to recognize objects and events as meaningful.
What is Parallel Processing?
processing multiple aspects of a stimulus simultaneously.
What is Hypnagogic sensations?
bizarre experiences, such as jerking or a feeling of falling or floating weightlessly, while transitioning to sleep. (Also called hypnic sensations.)
What is REM rebound?
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
What is Bottom-up?
Bottom-up processing: information processing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information.
What is Sequential Processing?
processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.
What is REM sleep?
REM sleep: Rapid Eye Movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. (Sometimes called R sleep).
What were Incubus and Succubus
demons associated with the folklore and mythology that people use to explain Sleep Paralysis.
What is Top Down Processing?
Top-down processing: information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.