Psychologists
The field of psychology that studies learning by examining how individuals learn associations between events, and associations between behaviors and their consequences. It is NOT about internal thoughts or emotions.
What is Behaviorism
A form of behavioral learning in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the same innate reflex produced by another stimulus
What is Classical Conditioning
The relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
What is learning
Bandura's experiment
What is the Bobo Doll Experiment
B.F. Skinner invented a simple device for studying the effects of reinforcers on laboratory animals
What is Skinner Box or Operant Chamber
A form of behavioral learning in which the probability of a response is changed by its consequences-the learner involved is an active participant
Operant Conditioning
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
What is habituation
Any consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior
What is punishment
Who famously researched taste aversion, first with rats in a lab, then with coyotes on California ranches
John Garcia
Edward Thorndike contributed this theory to behavioral psychology
What is The Law of Effect
An operant learning technique in which a new behavior is produced by reinforcing (smaller) responses that are similar to the ultimate desired response/end goal
What is Shaping
An innately reinforcing stimulus like those that satisfy biological needs.
What is a Primary Reinforcer?
This type of learning suggests participants learn by watching, imitating, and/or modeling others
What is observational learning or social learning theory
Who introduced the term insight learning defining it as an aha moment or an epiphany in problem solving
Who is Wolfgang Kohler
Patterns specifying the frequency and timing of reinforcements.
What are Schedules of Reinforcement
A CR decreases when a CS is repeatedly presented alone
What is Extinction?
Any event that increases the likelihood of a behavior
What is reinforcement
These conditioned reinforcers get their power through learned associations with primary reinforcers and are also called...
What are secondary reinforcers?
His theory regarded observational and social learning
Who is Albert Bandura
A type of schedule in which responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not reinforced.
What is a partial or variable/intermittent reinforcement schedule?
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a time delay
What is Spontaneous Recovery
Learning that certain events occur close together. For example, in classical conditioning 2 stimuli occur together and in operant conditioning a response and its consequence occur together
What is Associative Learning
Following Watson's conditioning of Albert, Mary Cover Jones counter-conditioned Peter using this method of behavior modification.
What is systematic desensitization?