Show:
The Phenomenon of Memory
Encoding
Storage and Retrieval
Forgetting
Memory Construction
100
Any indication that learning has persisted over time
What is memory
100
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding
100
Two types of sensory memory
What is iconic and echoic
100

This occurs when a memory was never formed in the first place (without effort, many memories never form)

What is encoding failure?

100
Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event
What is misinformation effect
200
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory
200
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking
200
Retention independent of conscious recollection, also called procedural memory
What is implicit memory
200

This is an approach to understanding memory as a cognitive process and the errors that occur within it

What is memory reconstruction or reconsolidation

200
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Also called source misattribution.
What is source amnesia
300
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is sensory memory
300
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
What is effortful processing
300
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory
What is explicit memory
300

False memories that a person believes to be true

What are Pseudo-memories?

300

●Sensory receptors all over the body detect sensations which are briefly held here before vanishing or being transported to short-term memory

What is haptic memory?

400
A newer understanding of short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory
What is working memory
400
The three types of encoding
What is visual, acoustic, and semantic
400
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
What is mood- congruent memory
400
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
What is proactive interference
400

Mastery of one task aids learning or performing another

What is positive transfer?

500
The person who developed the classic three- stage processing model of memory
What is Atkinson- Shiffrin
500
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect
500
An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
What is long- term potentiation (LTP)
500
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference
500

Psychologist who experimented with leading questions to prove that memories are often constructed

What is Elizabeth Loftus