The Phenomenon of Memory
Any indication that learning has persisted over time
What is memory
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
What is repression
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory
Retention independent of conscious recollection, also called procedural memory
What is implicit memory
These are the three ways in which memory fails us
What is forgetting, distortion, and intrusion
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is sensory memory
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory
What is explicit memory
The fading of a memory over time.
What is decay
A newer understanding of short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory
What is working memory
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
What is mood- congruent memory
New memories cannot be formed or retrieved because old memories get in the way.
What is proactive interference
Name one of the two people who developed the classic three- stage processing model of memory
What is Atkinson or Shiffrin
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect
This person created the "forgetting curve". He discovered that new learning fades quickly and recommended that new learning be reviewed within the first 9 hours.
Old memories cannot be retrieved because new memories get in the way
What is retroactive interference
Psychologist who experimentally implanted false memories of childhood traumas in order to prove that memories are often constructed
What is Elizabeth Loftus