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History & Approaches
Research Methods
Research Methods
Research Methods
Research Methods
100
This emerged from the pioneering work of Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner. Emphasizes observable behavior that can be objectively measured.
What is the behavioral perspective?
100
Carefully controlled scientific procedure involving the manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect. This enables researchers to determine cause-and-effect relationships.
What is the experimental method?
100
These have an unwanted influence on the outcome of an experiment. They are also known as extraneous variables.
What is a confounding variable?
100
Measure of central tendency that provides the average score. Any change in the highest score in a distribution must result in a change in this.
What is mean?
100
Contains a preponderance of scores on the low end of the scale. The mean will be higher than the median.
What is positively skewed distribution?
200
This emerged from the pioneering work of Rogers and Maslow. Emphasizes the importance of self-esteem, free will, and choice in human behavior.
What is the humanistic perspective?
200
This is the factor that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter.
What is the independent variable?
200
This is a procedure in which neither the researcher nor the participant knows which group received the experimental treatment. It is designed to reduce experimenter bias.
What is a double-blind study?
200
Measure of central tendency that divides a frequency distribution exactly in half.
What is median?
200
Contains a preponderance of scores on the high end of the scale. The mean will be lower than the median.
What is negatively skewed distribution?
300
This emerged from the pioneering work of Freud. Emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality.
What is the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic perspective?
300
This is the factor that is measured by the experimenter. It is affected by, and thus depends on, the other variable.
What is the dependent variable?
300
This is an in-depth examination of a single research participant.
What is a case study?
300
Measure of central tendency that identifies the most frequently occurring score in a distribution.
What is mode?
300
Probability of concluding that a difference exists when in fact the difference does not exist. A statistically significant difference is a difference not likely due to chance. By consensus, a statistically significant difference is one that would show up only 5 percent of the time or less. The smaller this number, the more significant the results.
What is p-value?
400
This was influenced by the computer revolution and compares the mind to a computer that encodes, processes, and stores information. These psychologists emphasize thinking, perceiving, and information processing.
What is the cognitive perspective?
400
This is the group that is exposed to the independent variable.
What is the experimental group?
400
In this, the researcher observes or measures two or more naturally occurring variables to find the relationship between them. In this type of research, the researcher does not directly manipulate the variables.
What is correlational research?
400
Measure of variability that indicates the average differences between the scores and their mean.
What is standard deviation?
500
This was influenced by the seminal writings of Charles Darwin. It emphasizes the role played by natural selection and adaptation in the evolution of behavior and mental processes.
What is the evolutionary perspective?
500
This is the group that is exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent variable.
What is the control group?
500
This is a numerical value from +1.00 to -1.00 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. A positive number indicates that the two variables move or vary in the same direction. A negative number indicates that the two variables move or vary in opposite directions. A zero indicates that there is no relationship.
What is a correlation coefficient?
500
Bell-shaped curve, describing the spread of a characteristic throughout a population. Half the scores fall at or above the mean and half the scores fall at or below the mean.
What is normal distribution?