In and out of Mommy's tummy
the fertilized egg, or germinal stage
What is a Zygote?
A concept of framework that organizes and interprets information
What is a Schema?
During this stage (7-11 years), children start to think more logically and understand the concept of conservation, the principle that properties such as mass, volume and number remain constant despite changes in the form of objects
What is the Concrete Operational Stage?
Mary Ainsworth's strange situation experiment demonstrated the importance of this
What is a Secure Attachment (trust between infant and caregiver)?
The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
What are Primary Sex Characteristics?
Oh, no! I have a loaded diaper.
What is Erickson's Toddlerhood stage (autonomy versus shame and doubt)?
Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky emphasized that children's minds grow through social interaction , not with their physical environment. He called this a social framework that offers support as children develop higher levels of thinking.
What is Scaffold?
A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
What is Scaffold?
In utero stage from 2 weeks through the 2nd month
What is an Embryo?
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of existing schemas
What is Assimilation?
A stage characterized by stranger anxiety and an a developing awareness of object permanence
What is the Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years)
Parenting matters but people also have their own characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity called this
What is Temperament?
Nonreproductive sexual traits
What are Secondary Sex Characteristics
Adolescents are busy trying on different roles toward developing this
What is a sense of Identity?
The smallest distinctive sound
What is a Phoneme?
Helps bridge the gap between what a child knows and is capable of
What is a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)?
From 9 weeks after conception to birth
What is the Fetus?
Adapting our schemas to incorporate new information
What is Accommodation?
The stage (12 years+) in which older children/adolescents begin to think more abstractly
What is the Formal Operational stage?
The "unrestraining" parenting style where parents make few demands, set few limits, and use little punishment
What are "dream" parents?! No, Permissive parents.
Having no sexual attraction toward others
What is Asexual?
The Erickson stage where students determine that they can manage chores and achieve in school
What is "Competence (industry) vs Inferiority?"
The smallest unit of language that has meaning
What is a Morpheme?
In Vygotsky's theory, the difference between what a person can do without help and what they might achieve with the help of a mentor
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (remember that "proximal" means close to)?
Agents, such as viruses or chemicals, that can damage prenatal development
What are Teratogens?
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
What is Object Permanence?
The stage at which child learns language but not yet concreate operations
What is the Preoperational Stage?
Diana Baumrind used this term to describe the optimal parenting style that is both demanding and responsive
What is Authoritative?
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
What is Gender Typing?
The Erickson stage in which Mr. Stroud depends on our AP exam scores to determine if he has led a satisfying life
What is the Late Adulthood stage (Integrity vs Despair)?
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram
What is Telegraphic Speech?
Developing the ability to infer other' mental states
What is Theory of Mind?
abnormalities caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking
What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?
The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and numbers remain the same despite changes in forms of objects
What is Conservation?
These parents impose rules and demand obedience
What are Authoritarian parents?
Our personal sense of being male, female, or some combination
What is Gender Identity
In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, intimate relationships occurs at this stage
What is the Young Adulthood Stage?
Universal in all languages
What is Grammar?
In looking at moral dilemmas, Jonathan Haidt argued that much of our morality is rooted in these "gut reactions?"
What is Moral Intuition?
Infants' fear of strangers
What is Stranger Anxiety?
children in the preoperational stage (2 to 6 years of age) engage in pretend play and have this view of their world
What is Egocentrism?
Parents who are neither demanding or responsive
What are Neglectful parents?
Possessing male and female biological characteristics at birth
What is intersex?
The stage during which people search for purpose in their lives
What is Middle Adulthood (generativity vs stagnation)?
An optimal period early in life for normal development
What is a Critical Period?
A theory of social environment's influence on human development
What is Ecological Systems Theory?
The process by which certain animals form strong attachments early in life
What is Imprinting?
Females are more likely to exhibit this form of aggression
What is Relational Aggression?
Displaying both feminine and masculine psychological characteristics
What is Androgyny?
Childhood's major social achievement is a positive this
What is Self-Concept?
The idea that language influences the way we think
What is Linguistic Relativism?