Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior
This part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
This is the mental process of acquiring, storing, and retrieving information.
What is memory?
This psychologist is known for his four stages of cognitive development.
Who is Jean Piaget?
According to Freud, this personality structure operates on the pleasure principle.
What is the id?
This type of disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object or situation.
What is a phobia
This brain structure regulates vital functions like heartbeat and breathing.
What is the medulla?
This memory process involves transforming stimuli into a neural code.
What is encoding?
In classical conditioning, this is the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is the conditioned response?
This term describes attributing someone’s actions to their personality (disposition) while ignoring situational influences.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
A person who alternates between extreme euphoria and depression may be diagnosed with this.
What is bipolar disorder?
Damage to this brain area would most directly affect balance and coordination.
What is the cerebellum?
This methodical problem-solving method guarantees a correct answer but can be slow.
What is an algorithm?
Giving a child a gold star for good behavior is an example of this.
What is positive reinforcement?
This theory suggests we feel tension when our beliefs and behaviors are inconsistent.
What is cognitive dissonance theory?
The manual used by clinicians to diagnose psychological disorders.
What is the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition)?
The gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released.
What is the synapse?
This cognitive shortcut involves judging the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
This concept in Vygotsky’s theory refers to what a child can do with help but not alone.
What is the zone of proximal development?
This trait theory model uses five broad dimensions of personality.
What is the Big Five (OCEAN) model?
This concept refers to the idea that psychological disorders are influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
Damage to this area in the left frontal lobe can result in expressive aphasia.
What is Broca’s area?
This type of reasoning flaw occurs when individuals cling to an initial belief despite contradictory evidence.
What is belief perseverance?
This type of reinforcement schedule rewards behavior after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is variable-ratio schedule?
This is the tendency to agree with a group, even when it contradicts one’s own judgment.
What is conformity?
The type of drug typically used to treat schizophrenia.
What are antipsychotics?