AP Psychology History and Science Review

Famous Psychologists

100

An English naturalist, geologist, and biologist; best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

Charles Darwin

200

A German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founders of modern psychology.

Wilhelm Wundt

300

An American philosopher, historian, and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.

William James

400

A Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

Ivan Pavlov

500

The first president of the American Psychological Association, and founded the American Journal of Psychology.

G. Stanley Hall

Schools of Psychology

100

"An organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts."

Gestalt

200

The first school of thought in psychology.

Structuralism

300

A viewpoint of the theory of the mind.

Functionalism

400

A system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.

Psychoanalysis

500

B. F. Skinner is part of this school of psychology.

Behaviorism

Science in Psychology

100

The value that appears most often in a set of data values.

Mode

200

Any variable that you're not investigating that can potentially affect the outcomes of your research study.

Extraneous Variable

300

An experimental design in which multiple measures are taken over a period of time from two or more groups of different ages.

Cohort-Sequential Design

400

A set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment.

Population

500

The alteration of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed.

Hawthorne Effect

Science... Continued

100

The "middle" of a sorted list of numbers.

Median

200

A list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people.

Survey

300

A single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data.

Measure of Central Tendency

400

A type of data that is used to label variables without providing any quantitative value.

Nominal

500

A categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories is not known.

Ordinal

A Bonus Round

100

___________ does not imply causation.

Correlation

200

Discussing intellectual property frankly is part of what guideline?

APA Ethical Principles

300

A pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to “see their own behavioral choices and judgments as relatively common and appropriate to existing circumstances”.

False Consensus Effect

400

List the 8 main perspectives in psychology:

Behavioral, Biological, Biopsychosocial, Cognitive, Developmental, Evolutionary, Sociocultural, and Psychodynamic

500

When did psychology "originate?"

1879