clinical psychology
What does the DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
What is dual processing?
The conscious and unconscious processing of information simultaneously
What are the five types of taste?
Salty, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami
What is associative learning?
What are the three types of memory?
Recall, recognition, and relearning
What disorder is characterized by the continuous and inexplicable feeling of tension and unease for 6 months or more
General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
What is brain lateralization?
The notion that visual fields and motor functions run by the opposite hemisphere of the brain
What is absolute threshold?
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time
What are the two types of associative learning?
Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
What is the three step process to storing memories?
1. Encoding - processing of information into the memory system by extracting meaning
2. Storage - the process of retaining encoded information over time
3. Revival - the process of getting information out of the memory system
What is the difference between depression and major depressive disorder?
Depression is prolonged hopelessness and lethargy while major depressive disorder is when someone shows all five signs of major depression for two or more weeks.
What is plasticity?
the brains ability to change across one’s life or mend itself after damage by developing new or alternative neural pathways from existing neurons
What is inattentional blindness?
Not noticing stimuli when focused on others
What is shaping?
A procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
What is the difference between shallow processing and deep processing?
Shallow processing is encoding on a basic level, based primarily in the structure or appearance of words while deep processing is the encoding of information semantically, based on the meaning of the word, its context, or its significance.
What are the three types of eating disorders?
Anorexia nerves, bulimia nervous, binge-eating disorder
What is the difference between Brock’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia?
Broca’s aphasia is the inability to form speech but knows how to comprehend and Wernicke’s aphasia is when you cannot comprehend information and may struggle to speak.
What is sensory adaptation?
Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation (not smelling one’s own house or clothes odor)
What is variable-ratio reinforcement schedule?
Reinforces behavior in a seemingly unpredictable manner when the reinforcement can come in waves of frequent reinforcements or no reinforcements
What are the three types of short term memory?
Sensory, iconic, and echoic
What are the five subtypes of schizophrenia?
Catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated
What are the six stages of sleep?
Waking beta, waking alpha, non- REM 1, Non-REM 2, Non-REM 3, REM
What is perceptual set?
A mental disposition to see one thing over another
What is the difference between semantic memory and episodic memory?
Semantic memory is a portion of long term memory that processes ideas and concepts that are not drawn from personal experience - instead, they are known associations and facts. While episodic memory is biographically dependent to a specific situation and/or moment in time we can recall with a high degree of detail.
What is a flashbulb memory?
Vivid memories of an often emotionally-significant moment or event