Not the Response I was Looking For
A type of associative learning, also referred to as Pavlovian, in which two or more stimuli are linked
what is classical conditioning
A type of learning in which a behavior is shaped if followed by a reward or a punishment
what is operant conditioning
Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs, and a schedule in which learning is quickest
what is a continuous reinforcement schedule
The tendency to respond to similar stimuli, or for responses learned in one situation occurring in other similar situations
What is generalization
The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishments.
what is extrinsic motivation
Psychologist famous for the popular "Bobo Doll" experiment
Who is Albert Bandura?
An onion's smell as you cut it, which makes your eyes water.
Unconditioned Stimulus
An unlearned, naturally occurring response
what is an UR
Psychologist who created the operant chamber, with its other name being named after him
Who is B.F. Skinner
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses and produces the highest rates of responses in partial reinforcement
what is a variable-ratio schedule
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished CR
what is spontaneous recovery
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
what is intrinsic motivation
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
what is modeling
This could be the bell that tells you to go to your next class.
Conditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
What is a neutral stimulus (NS)
Its presentation increases behaviors through positive rewards
what is positive reinforcement
This schedule produces a slow, steady response and the greatest resistance to extinction
what is a variable-interval schedule
The diminishing of a CR when an US no longer follows a CS; or decreased responses without reinforcement
what is extinction
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment
what is a cognitive map
Many argue that the Bobo Doll Experiment illustrates how exposure to media violence leads to an increased expression of this emotion
What is aggression?
People learn to automatically say “you’re welcome” when they hear “thank you”
Conditioned Response
An originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an US, comes to trigger a CR
what is a CS
This increases behaviors by stopping or reducing aversive stimuli
what is negative reinforcment
A learning schedule in which acquisition of a response is delayed but resistance to extinction is enhanced
what is a partial (intermittent) reinforcement schedule
Learning to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a US; or learning that some responses, but not others, will be reinforced
what is discrimination
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
what is latent learning
The hopelessness and passive resignation experienced when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
what is learned helplessness
When you hear a loud noise, you jump in fear.
Unconditioned Response
A procedure in which the CS is paired with a new NS, creating a 2nd (often weaker) CS.
what is higher-order conditioning
An event that tends to decrease behavior by withdrawing a rewarding stimulus
what is negative punishment
This schedule produces a start-stop pattern of responses
What is a fixed-interval schedule
The initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus (NS) and an US; or associating a response with a consequence
what is acquisition
If an individual is rewarded for a behavior that they performed because of intrinsic motivation, eventually the intrinsic motivation will cease to exist
What is the overjustification effect?
Frontal lobe neurons that are believed to fire when observing others
what are mirror neurons