Ring a bell
A type of associative learning, also referred to as Pavlovian, in which two or more stimuli are linked
what is classical conditioning
Both John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner advanced this domain of psychology.
What is behaviorism
Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs, and a schedule in which learning is quickest
what is a continuous reinforcement schedule
The tendency to respond to similar stimuli, or for responses learned in one situation occurring in other similar situations
What is generalization
The tendency of learned behavior to gradually revert to biologically disposed patterns.
what is instinctive drift
The perception that we control our own fate
What is internal locus of control
Known for his experiments in classical conditioning
Who is Pavlov
An unlearned, naturally occurring response
what is an UR
A type of learning in which a behavior is shaped if followed by a reward or a punishment
what is operant conditioning
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses and produces the highest rates of responses
what is a variable-ratio schedule
The initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus (NS) and an US; or associating a response with a consequence
what is acquisition
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
what is latent learning
The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification (in order to ace our AP Psych exam)
what is self-control
Known for his "Little Albert" experiment and his focus on Behaviorism
A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
What is a neutral stimulus (NS)
Its presentation increases behaviors through adding a stimulus.
what is positive reinforcement
A schedule where the reward is predictable based on an amount of time.
What is a fixed-interval schedule
The diminishing of a CR when an US no longer follows a CS; or decreased responses without reinforcement
what is extinction
A sudden realization of a problem's solution
what is insight learning
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
what is modeling
Known for his focus on three laws of effect
Who is Thorndike
An originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an US, comes to trigger a CR
what is a CS
This increases behaviors by stopping or reducing aversive stimuli
what is negative reinforcment
This schedule is when you reward with a stimuli after an unpredictable amount of time.
what is a variable-interval schedule
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished CR
what is spontaneous recovery
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
what is intrinsic motivation
The hopelessness and passive resignation experienced when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
what is learned helplessness
Known for his study of taste aversion
Who is Garcia
A procedure in which the CS is paired with a new NS, creating a 2nd (often weaker) CS.
what is higher-order conditioning
An event that tends to decrease behavior by withdrawing a rewarding stimulus
what is negative punishment
This type schedule of reinforcement is when the reward is given after a predictable number of completed behaviors
What is Fixed Ratio
Learning to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a US; or learning that some responses, but not others, will be reinforced
what is discrimination
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment
What is a cognitive map
Frontal lobe neurons that are believed to fire when observing others
what are mirror neurons
Known for his focus on observational learning
Who is Bandura