CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
THE MAN WHO EXPLORED AND DISCOVERED CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
WHO IS "IVAN PAVLOV"?
TRUE OR FALSE: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT STRENGTHENS A RESPONSE
TRUE
DEFINE "STIMULUS"
ANY EVENT OR SITUATION THAT EVOKES A RESPONSE.
TRUE OR FALSE: ALL MAMMALS HAVE THE SAME ABILITY TO BE CLASSICALLY CONDITIONED
FALSE
THE PROCESS OF OBSERVING AND IMITATING A SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR
WHAT IS "MODELING"?
THE TWO PRINCIPLES OF BEHAVIORISM
1) PSYCHOLOGY SHOULD BE AN OBJECTIVE SCIENCE THAT 2) STUDIES BEHAVIOR WITHOUT REFERENCE TO MENTAL PROCESSES
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FIXED-RATIO REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE AND A FIXED-INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE
A FIXED RATIO SCHEDULE REINFORCES BEHAVIOR AFTER A SET NUMBER OF RESPONSES, A FIXED INTERVAL SCHEDULE REINFORCES BEHAVIOR AFTER A SET PERIOD OF TIME.
AN ORGANISM'S DECREASING RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS WITH INCREASED EXPOSURE TO IT
WHAT IS "HABITUATION"?
THE THREE CATEGORIES THAT HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE ABILITY TO LEARN
WHAT ARE "BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES", "PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES", AND "SOCIAL-CULTURAL" INFLUENCES.
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING HAS BOTH "________" AND "_______" EFFECTS ON HUMANS.
WHAT ARE "PROSOCIAL" AND "ANTISOCIAL"
THE ANIMAL THAT IVAN PAVLOV FIRST EXPERIMENTED WITH CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
WHAT IS A DOG?
"BEHAVIORS FOLLOWED BY FAVORABLE CONSEQUENCES BECOME MORE LIKELY, AND BEHAVIORS FOLLOWED BY UNFAVORABLE CONSEQUENCES BECOME LESS LIKELY" IS KNOWN AS __________
WHAT IS "THE LAW OF EFFECT"
LEARNING THAT CERTAIN EVENTS OCCUR TOGETHER
WHAT IS "ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING"
DEFINE "TASTE AVERSION"
OCCURS WHEN THE MIND DEVELOPS A RESISTANCE TO A CERTAIN FOOD, GENERALLY DUE TO A PAST NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE AFTER CONSUMING THE SAID FOOD.
TRUE OR FALSE: THE FAMOUS BOBO DOLL EXPERIMENT MODELS AN EXAMPLE OF "OPERANT CONDITIONING" ON THE CHILD
FALSE
IN PAVLOV'S FAMOUS EXPERIMENT, PAVLOV LABELED THE DOG FOOD AS THE ______ AND THE DOG DROOLING AS THE ______
WHAT IS 1) UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS AND 2) UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
PRIMARY: RECEIVING FOOD WHEN HUNGRY
SECONDARY: GAINING CASH AS A REWARD FOR CHORES
LEARNING FROM OTHERS' EXPERIENCES IS KNOWN AS _________.
WHAT IS "OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING"?
ANIMALS CAN MOST EASILY LEARN AND RETAIN BEHAVIORS THAT DRAW ON THEIR _________ PREDISPOSITIONS.
WHAT IS "BIOLOGICAL"?
FRONTAL LOBE NEURONS THAT SOME SCIENTISTS BELIEVE FIRE WHEN PERFORMING CERTAIN ACTIONS OR WHEN OBSERVING ANOTHER DOING SO.
WHAT ARE "MIRROR NEURONS" AND WHAT IS THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN RELATION TO OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING?
EXPLAIN THE TERM "HIGH-ORDER CONDITIONING" AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF THE PROCESS
A PROCEDURE IN WHICH THE CONDITIONED STIMULUS IN ONE CONDITIONING EXPERIENCE IS PAIRED WITH A NEW NEUTRAL STIMULUS, CREATING A SECOND (OFTEN WEAKER) CONDITIONED STIMULUS.
EXAMPLE: AN ANIMAL THAT HAS LEARNED THAT A TONE PREDICTS FOOD MIGHT THEN LEARN THAT A LIGHT PREDICTS THE TONE AND BEGIN RESPONDING TO THE LIGHT ALONE.
WHAT IS PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT, AND WHAT IS THE WEAKNESS AND BENEFIT OF IT?
REINFORCING A RESPONSE ONLY PART OF THE TIME.
WEAKNESS: SLOWER ACQUISITION OF A RESPONSE
BENEFIT: MUCH GREATER RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION
EXPLAIN THE CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING AND OPERANT CONDITIONING
IN OPERANT CONDITIONING, WE LEARN TO ASSOCIATE A RESPONSE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES.
THE MAN WHO CHALLENGED THE PREVAILING IDEA THAT ALL ASSOCIATIONS CAN BE LEARNED EQUALLY WELL.
WHO IS "JOHN GARCIA"?
A CHILD WAS IN A ROOM WITH AN ADULT WHO WAS POUTY AND ANGRY, AND DECIDED TO THROW AROUND A BOBO DOLL. WHEN THE CHILD WAS PRESENTED WITH AN UNPLEASANT STIMULUS, THE CHILD WAS PLACED IN A ROOM WITH VARIOUS TOYS. THE CHILD PICKED UP THE BOBO DOLL AND BEGAN TO THROW IT AROUND, AS A RESULT OF OBSERVING THE ADULT DO THAT EARLIER.
"OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING"