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Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Terms of the Unit
Limitations to Conditioning
Observational Learning
100
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with a stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
What is an Unconditioned Response
100
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
What is reinforcement or a reinforcer?
100
Learning that can occur through observation, language, or other mental functions.
What is Cognitive Learning?
100
A biological limitation, this idea focuses on how certain foods may be favored over harmful foods without the process of conditioning needing to take place.
What is taste aversion?
100
Negative, destructive, unhelpful behavior learned through observation.
What are Antisocial Effects?
200
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
What is a Conditioned Stimulus
200
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in a DECREASE of the desired behavior.
What is punishment, or a punisher?
200
This schedule reinforces a desired behavior some of the time in no apparent pattern.
What is a Partial (intermittent) Schedule?
200

When the reinforcement is no longer given, the behavior ends, OR when the behavior completely ends because of punishment

What is Extincition?

200
Positive, constructive, helpful behavior learned through observation.
What are Prosocial Effects?
300
When it was first introduced, the bell in Pavlov's experiment was considered one of these. After conditioning, it became a conditioned stimulus.
What is a Neutral Stimulus
300
When a teacher gives you an A+ because you worked hard on an essay, what form of Operant Conditioning is being used?
What is Positive Reinforcement?
300
If a test subject has been conditioned to salivate to a bell, but may also salivate to a whistle, we would consider it an example of this term.
What is generalization?
300

When repeated failures in a task cause one to give up trying.

What is Learned Helplessness?

300
In learning, the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
What is Modeling?
400
If beth gets in a car crash that results in her being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in Classical Conditioning?
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus
400
A type of reinforcement schedule. When reinforcing or punishing a behavior, we utilize it every time the desired or undesired behavior occurs.
What is Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
400
When learning has occurred, but it may not be apparent until an incentive has been given to the test subject to demonstrate their learning.
What is latent learning?
400

if the behavior has become extinct, and the learner suddenly tries the behavior again if the behavior has become extinct, and the learner suddenly tries the behavior again

What is spontaneous recovery?

400
Frontal Lobe nerve cells that fire when performing specific motor actions but also when observing others do so.
What are Mirror Neurons?
500
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
What is extinction. The association between the bell and salivation will weaken over time until it is forgotten entirely.
500
A reinforcement schedule. When we wait for a specific number of responses utilizing the desired behavior, we reinforce.
What is a Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
500
In Operant Conditioning, the process of a test subject getting closer and closer to the desired behavior each time they are reinforced or punished.
What is shaping?
500
A cognitive limitation, sometimes learning was demonstrated until after an incentive was given to the test subject. This term describes this phenomenon.
What is Latent Learning?
500
This famous psychologist produced the "bobo the clown experiment" to measure the effects of observational learning and violence in young children.
Who is Alfred Bandura?