Memory Classifications/Types
The retention of information independent of conscious recollection
Implicit Memory
Type of memory that usually refers to touch, taste, and smell.
Sensory Memory
The tendency to recall memories that are consistent with one’s current mood.
Mood Congruency
This is the processing of information into the memory system by extracting meaning.
Encoding
This is the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. For example, making a new password and all you can think of is the old ones.
Proactive Interference
Type of memory where one saves a substantial amount of time when learning material again
Relearning
Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.
Echoic Memory
The organizing of information into familiar, manageable units. Think about how we organize units for this class
Chunking
This part of the brain helps process explicit memories for storage. Think of it like a loading dock where information is stored temporarily.
Hippocampus
Attributing an event or memory to the wrong source – occurs when our brains fail to retrieve a memory. Déjà vu would be a good example.
Source Amnesia
This is when a person must retrieve information learned earlier
Recall
Memory involved in automatic motor movement. An example might be riding a bike.
Procedural Memory
This is the learning and relearning (reviewing) information across several days or weeks rather than cramming the information. An example of this would be studying and reviewing a little each day rather than cramming before the A.P. Test.
Spacing Effect
This is the unconscious encoding of information such as space, time, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.
Automatic Processing
This is the incorporating of misleading information into one’s memory of an account. For example, asking questions in a different way can get different results on memory.
Misinformation Effect
The memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know.
Explicit or Declarative Memory
These are vivid memories of an often emotionally-significant moment or event.
Flashbulb Moments
This is the tendency to remember the names or info at the beginning or end of a list. It can impact which terms we remember
Serial-Position Effect
This is the intentional encoding of information that requires attention and effort.
Effortful Processing
According to Ebbinghaus, this % is about as much information as we retain after 30 days (with no additional learning).
21%-24%
measure of memory in which the person only has to identify items previously learned
Recognition
Short sensory memory, but only associated with vision. It usually only lasts a few moments.
Iconic Memory
These are memory aids, like acronyms, and other tricks we use to remember information.
Mnemonics
This is encoding on a basic level, based primarily on the structure or appearance of words. Think about separate languages where the words are similar.
Shallow Processing
This is when new learning disrupts the recall of old information. For example, you just listened to a song and now you can't remember the words or melody to another song.
Retroactive Interference