Show:
The Phenomenon of Memory
Encoding
Storage and Retrieval
Forgetting
Memory Construction
Important Figures
Grab Bag
100
Any indication that learning has persisted over time
What is memory?
100
The processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding?
100
Two types of sensory memory
What is iconic and echoic?
100
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
What is repression?
100
Incorporating miseading information into one's memory of an event
What is misinformation effect?
100

Psychologist who experimentally implanted false memories of childhood traumas in order to prove that memories are often constructed

Elizabeth Loftus

100

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Also called source misattribution.

Source amnesia

200
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory?
200
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
What is chunking?
200
Retention independent of conscious recollection, also called procedural memory
What is implicit memory?
200
These are the three ways in which memory fails us
What is forgetting, distortion, and intrusion?
200

Unfounded confidence in a false or distorted memory caused by vividly imagining the pseudo-event. 

Imagination inflation

200

Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory. Curve of forgetting.


Herman Ebbinghaus


200

Memories of general knowledge, facts, and figures. Also a type of explicit memory.

Semantic Memory

300
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
What is sensory memory?
300
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
What is effortful processing?
300
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare". Also called declarative memory
What is explicit memory?
300
This is the part of the brain that, if damaged, could impact learned skills like riding a biking or playing a piano.
What is the cerebellum?
300
This perspective would explain why the stress hormone cortisol would influence memory over time.
What is the biological perspective?
300
Hippocampus was removed, was a study of both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. Could no longer form new memories. 


H.M. 



300

The ability of the brain to make sense of different incoming stimuli (processes) at the same time.

Parallel Processing
400
A newer understanding of short term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial information, and of information retrieved from long- term memory
What is working memory?
400
The three types of encoding
What is visual, acoustic, and semantic?
400
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood
What is mood- congruent memory?
400

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

What is proactive interference?

400
The part of the biopsychosocial model would look at the effects of rehearsal and organizational strategies on memory.
What is psychological?
400

Performed experiment demonstrating the duration of sensory memory to see how much it could hold and for how long.

George Sperling

400

Type of encoding in which new information is related to information that is already known.

Elaborative Rehearsal

500
The researchers who developed the classic three- stage processing model of memory
Who are Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin?
500
Tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly over time than if we practice it in one long session
What is spacing effect?
500
An increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
What is long- term potentiation (LTP)?
500
The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
What is retroactive interference?
500

Type of schema. Mental organization of events in time/timeline of events. 

Scripts

500

Believed that memory was localized – specific memory stored in a specific area. 

Karl Lashley

500

Provides a framework for understanding how contextual information affects memory and recall

Encoding Specificity Principle