Brain Stuff & Research
The brain structure responsible for creating new explicit memories.
What is the hippocampus?
What is retrograde amnesia?
A forgetting phenomenon that involves the sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory, but being temporarily unable to retrieve it.
What is tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
The idea that forgetting is caused by one memory competing with or replacing another.
What is the interference?
The two kinds of explicit memories.
What are episodic and semantic?
The brain structure where implicit memories are stored.
What is the cerebellum?
The inability to remember something because it was never properly stored in memory.
What is encoding failure?
Information is transferred to short term memory because of this.
What is paying attention to the information?
The newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on the dynamic role of the "central executive" in focusing attention and combining auditory rehearsal and visual-spatial information to create long-term memories.
What is working memory?
Ebbinghaus's graphical representation of retention and forgetting over time
What is a forgetting curve?
Proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time.
What is the decay theory?
The strategy of organizing items into familiar, smaller units as a way to improve memory.
What is chunking?
The theory that memory is best explained by how the are encoded; only things that are rehearsed and meaningful stay in memory.
What is levels of processing theory?
The three boxes in the information processing theory.
What is sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory?
She studied repressed memories and false memories; showed how easily memories could be changed and falsely created by techniques such as leading questions and illustrating the inaccuracy in eyewitness testimony.
Who is Elizabeth Loftus?
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
What is proactive interference?
Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
What is the misinformation effect?
The idea that information learned in a particular state of mind (e.g., depressed, happy, somber) is more easily recalled when in that same state of mind.
What is state dependent memory?
The process involving persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons that creates memories.
What is long-term potentiation?
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.
What is source amnesia?
The most powerful technique of deep processing.
What is personal reference?
An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event based on previous experience with the object or event
What is a schema?
The assumed capacity of short-term or working memory.
What is 7 plus/minus 2? OR What is 4 plus/minus 1?