Unit 1: Biological Bases of Behavior
The inability to fall asleep and /or stay asleep.
Insomnia
The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding
Cognition
Second stage of Piaget's stages of cognitive development; is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking, egocentrism, and animism
Preoperational stage
An oversimplified, generalized belief about a particular group of people
Stereotype
Intense, irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities, which lead to avoidance behavior and can interfere with daily life
Phobias
Neurotransmitter associated with sexual activity, concentration and attention, moods, and emotions
Serotonin
The initial step in creating a new memory that involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored
Encoding
The range of tasks a child can complete with guidance from a more skilled individual
Occurs when a person's behavior and beliefs contradict each other and cause discomfort which can motivate them to change
Cognitive dissonance
Intense, irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities, which lead to avoidance behavior and can interfere with daily life.
Anorexia Nervosa
Psychologist who proposed dreams represented unconscious desires (mostly sexual) and fears
A technique used to enhance memory and recall by creating associations between hard-to-remember information and easy-to-remember information
Mnemonic devices
The social and cultural roles associated with being male, female, or non-binary - not biologically based
Gender
Id
A therapeutic approach to treat psychological disorders by engaging in structured conversations with trained professionals - mostly with the goal of managing thoughts and emotions
Psychotherapy
Part of your peripheral nervous system that has neurons stimulate involuntary smooth muscle and heart muscle
Autonomic nervous system
Facts and experiences that one can consciously recall
Explicit memory
The awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes and strategies for learning and problem-solving
Metacognition
The theory that peak performance level is achieved with a moderate level of stress, or arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law
The process by which we perceive and respond to events that are perceived as threatening or challenging - can activate physiological and psychological responses and affect both physical and mental health
Stress
Part of the brain that regulates body temperature, blood pressure, blood sugar, and hormones
Hypothalamus
Occurs when new or old information disrupts the ability to recall other information from memory
Interference
developed by Skinner, involves learning through consequences (reinforcement and punishment)
Operant conditioning
Driven by external rewards or avoidance of punishment
Extrinsic motivation
A theory by Richard Lazarus explaining that stress arises from how individuals evaluate and interpret events