History and Approaches
Freud's perspective that focuses on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences
Psychoanalysis (Psychodynamic)
In survey design, phrasing questions in a potentially biased way
Wording Effects
For the following data, what is the mode?
1 3 5 7 7
7
Placing subjects in the control and experimental group by chance
Random Assignment
Humanistic psychologists focus on
the importance of healthy growth potential
Psychology (define) and Give one example of each part of the definition.
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior = anything observable
Mental Processes = emotion, thinking, etc.
Name the Descriptive Research Methods
Case study, Naturalistic Observation, and Survey
What does a correlation of -.90 indicate?
A strong, inverse relationship between variables
Method used to correct for Experimenter Bias
Double Blind Procedure
Type of psychologist works with individuals with mental illness, but can't prescribe meds
Clinical Psychologist
Name the 7 Perspectives
Behavioral, Biological, Cognitive, Evolutionary, Humanistic, Psychodynamic, Sociocultural
One advantage and One disadvantage of Naturalistic Observation
Adv: Natural setting (natural behavior), can be used when exp. not ethical
Dis: No control, can't determine causation
Statistical Significance (a measure of how likely results were obtained by chance)
Main advantage of experiments
Allow you to determine cause and effect
When subjects act differently than they normally would because they know they're in a study
Observer effect (Hawthorne effect)
Describe the Behavioral Approach
Emphasizes study of observed behavior, behavior is shaped by Nurture (not Nature)
Learning, Reward, Punishment, etc.
Case Studies would be the best choice for what scenario?
Rare or unusual cases
+1 OR -1
(Sign has nothing to do with strength)
J wants to test whether plants in a classroom impacts student anxiety.
IV? DV? exp and control groups?
IV: presence of plants. DV: anxiety
Ex: Students with plants present
Control: Students without plants present
Four ethical principles
Informed consent, Protection from Harm, Confidentiality, Debriefing
MJ works for a company trying to improve employee efficiency. What kind of research in what field?
Applied Research in Industrial-Organizational Psych
Purpose of Random Sampling
To have a representative sample of the total population for the purpose of generalization
Test w Mean of 80 and Stand. Dev. of 10. Everyone gets 5 bonus points. What happens to the stand. dev.?
Remains the same
Two things that would reduce validity of an experiment
Failure to use random assignment, presence of confounding variables
How did Psych change from pre 1920s to post 1920s?
Rise of Behaviorism emphasized observable behavior over mental life