Approaches
This approach studies how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
What is the biological approach?
This descriptive method of research studies a person or situation in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
What is a case study?
This is the difference between random assignment and random sampling
random assignment: assigning participants to treatment or non treatment group
random sampling: everyone in the population has an equal chance of being in the study.
The three methods of central tendency
What are mean, median, and mode?
A psychologist studying obedience deceives participants into thinking they are giving painful shocks to another person. Afterward, the researcher fully explains the deception, reassures participants, and provides resources if they feel distressed.
The ethical guideline evident in this scenario is____.
What is debriefing?
This approach focuses on learned observable responses
What is the behavioral approach?
This is a method of research where the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering
What is the naturalistic observation method?
The outcome factor- the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
What is the dependent variable?
This is any effect on an experiment participant's behavior caused by expectations of the treatment alone
What is placebo effect?
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean
What is standard deviation?
In a happiness study, participants are asked to write about their best and worst life experiences. When a participant says they want to leave halfway through, the researcher insists they must finish to keep the data valid. The area of research ethics that is of most concern is _________.
What is right to withdraw?
This approach studies how we process and store information, and how that impacts our behaviors
What is the cognitive approach?
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus how well either factor predicts the other
What is correlation?
Type of research where researchers look at multiple published studies to determine an overarching conclusion of their collective findings
What is a meta-analysis?
This is the mean, median and mode of the following list of numbers: 1,1,3,3,3,3,4,6
What is mean:3 median:3 mode: 3
This is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
What is range?
Participants in a study on taste preferences are asked to sample several foods. One option contains a known allergen, but participants are not warned in advance.
The ethical principle most of concern is ____.
What is protection from harm?
This approach studies how our culture and environment influences our behaviors
What is the social-cultural approach?
The experimental factor that is manipulated--the variable whose effect is being studied
What is the independent variable?
A researcher wants to test whether listening to classical music improves memory. Participants are asked to listen to Mozart for 20 minutes before completing a recall task where they try to list as many words as possible from a previously studied list.
The operational definition of memory is:
What is Memory = number of words correctly recalled from the list.
The measure of practical significance, or magnitude, of the data relationship. For example, >.8 is considered large, but <.2 is considered small.
What is effect size?
Which of the following has a stronger correlation? +1.03 -.87 +.80 -.34
What is -.87.
Remember the closer to +1 or -1 the stronger the relationship The closer to 0 the weaker the relationship
All human research proposals and plans must be submitted to and approved by this group.
What is the IRB (Institutional Review Board)?
This approach integrates several approaches to give a more complete picture of a behavior or mental process
What is the biopsychosocial approach?
Experimental procedure where both the research participants and the staff are ignorant of who received the independent variable or the placebo
What is a double-blind procedure?
This is to whom findings are generalizable.
What is population associated with the sample?
This is the % of scores that fall within one standard deviation of the mean in a normal curve.
What is 68%
A statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to 1)
What is correlation coefficient?
A researcher interviews students about their social media use. The researcher goes on to present data at a conference, and shows images of posts made by the participants which includes their photographs and other posted content with their profile name visible.
The ethical concern in this is ________.
What is confidentiality?
Approach or perspective in psychology that considers the role of adaptability and natural selection
What is evolutionary?
In an experiment, the hypothesis was that Eating Cookies before the test would increase test scores. Name the independent, dependent, and 3 confounding variables.
What is IV is cookies, DV is test scores, and confounding variables.
This technique allows for you to claim that all findings can be generalized to the associated population.
What is random sampling?
When a participant answers a question on a survey in such a way that they think the researcher wants them to answer.
What is social desirability bias?
When this occurs in a distribution of scores, it is better to use the median instead of the mean
What is skewed distribution?
To participate in research, while parents may give informed consent, minors provide their agreement to participate by giving _______.
What is assent?
This approach looks to better understand how people meet the need for love, acceptance, and self-fulfillment?
What is Humanistic?
This occurs when an observed correlation between two variables can actually be explained by another factor that hasn't been accounted for. For example, the positive correlation between snake bites and canoe rentals.
What is the third variable problem?
Psychologists investigate whether violent video games that are rated M for "Intense Violence" increase aggression. Group 1 played playing a violent (Red Dead Redemption 2, rated M) for 30 minutes , Group 2 played a non-violent video game (Stardew Valley, rated E) for 30 minutes, and Group 3 was asked to wait for 30 minutes in a waiting room with magazines and coloring books. All participants were then asked to rate how likely they would be to yell at someone who cuts them off in traffic, using a 1–10 scale.
Identify the operational definitions of the IV and the DV.
IV=violent videogame as determined by having a rating of M for "Intense Violence"
DV=Aggression rating on a scale of 1-10
We use this tool in inferential statistics to describe the confidence in our ability to reject the null hypothesis. Your response must indicate the value of the measure we want to see in our analysis.
What is p<.05?
If a standard deviation from a mean of 3 is .5, how many standard deviations is a score of 4 from the mean?
What is 2? (1 SD=3.5, 2 SDs=4)
This group has oversees and applies guidelines for safe animal research
What is IACUC?