“Neuronal Know-How”
Parts of the neuron
Parts of the neuron
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an:
Antagonist
Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which part of the brain?
Broca's Area
Laila has chronic trouble staying awake in class. What part of the brain is most likely responsible for Rudy’s drowsiness?
Reticular formation/Activating System (I'll also accept hypothalamus and pons if no one got RAS...), those two deal with Circadian Rhythm and REM more than alertness.
Neurons that communicate between sensory and motor neurons, primarily found in the CNS.
In this study, participants are repeatedly awakened during REM sleep for two weeks to record their dreams. An IRB would hesitate to approve it because of this ethical concern.
What is potential harm to participants (sleep deprivation)?
The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies?
Nature vs. Nurture
When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
An opiate
The activation-synthesis theory explains dreams as the brain’s attempt to do this.
What is making sense of random neural activity?
The tiny gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.
What is a synapse or synaptic gap
This part of the brain is referred to as the "relay station: for incoming sensory information.
What is the thalamus
A scan that provides a detailed image of the brain’s structure using magnetic fields.
What is an MRI
The two main parts of the nervous system.
What are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A specific and measurable definition of a variable used in a study, like "class participation" defined as "number of hand raises.
What is an operational definition?
The lobe of the brain responsible for vision.
What is the occipital lobe?
An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of well-being attained in the past. This individual is showing
Tolerance
This stage of sleep is considered the “lightest,” where you may experience hypnagogic sensations (like falling) and brief hallucinations.
NREM 1
a brief electrical impulse that travels down a neuron's axon, essentially acting as the signal that a neuron is "firing"
What is an action potential?
The brain structure that controls heartbeat and breathing.
What is the medulla
A scan that measures brain wave activity or electrical activity in the brain.
What is an EEG?
The type of neuron that carries information from the sensory organs to the central nervous system.
What are sensory neurons?
We would use this method when doing an in-depth analysis of a patient who has a rare neurological disorder, documenting their symptoms and treatment response over several months.
What is a case study?
In a game of ping pong which 2 specific areas of the brain, responsible for coordinating your movements and processing sensory feedback, would be highly active?
The sensory and motor cortex's
A certain drug reduces the activity (a depressant) of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. It affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), Which of the following is most like the drug in question?
A- Meth
B-Cocaine
C- Marijuana
D- Alcohol
D- Alcohol
A patient repeatedly stops breathing during the night and wakes up gasping. Which sleep disorder does this describe?
Sleep Apnea
The tiny gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.
What is the synapse?
Electrically stimulating a rat’s amygdala would most likely produce what response?
Aggression, fear or anger (any)
A scan that tracks the movement of a radioactive substance in the brain to show areas of activity.
What is a PET scan?
The part of the nervous system responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements and relaying sensory information.
What is the somatic nervous system?
An example of this method would be a review that combines data from 20 studies on the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance to identify overall trends and conclusions.
What is a meta analysis?
This lobe contains our auditory cortex
What is the temporal lobe?
Mary sticks with her workout routine because every session leaves her feeling energized and happy. The release of these natural opiates explains her sense of well-being.
What are endorphins
REM sleep is strongly linked to this.
What is dreaming (I will also accept memory consolidation)
The part of the neuron that insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.
What is the myelin sheath?
The part of the brain that forms and stores long-term memories.
What is the hippocampus?
A brain scan that measures brain structure and activity by detecting changes in blood flow
What is an fMRI?
The system that calms the body after a stressful event and conserves energy.
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
The process of assigning participants to experimental/control groups in order to reduce bias.
What is random assignment?
As Patrick struggles to choose between two potential job offers, he uses this lobe of his brain as he weighs the pros and cons of each opportunity.
What is the Frontal Lobe?
The drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are best identified as this.
Reuptake Inhibitors
Your internal biological clock is known as this.
What is circadian Rhythm
The location where neurotransmitters are released into the synapse to send signals to the next neuron. Stores neurotransmitters in its vesicles.
What is the Axon Terminal?
Kyle slipped on a banana peel and hit the back of his head on the pavement. Ever since he has had immense difficulty keeping his balance, he probably damaged his...
Cerebellum
The brain scan that is best for measuring brain activity in real-time. records using electrodes on the Scalp.
What is an EEG?
This part of the nervous system handles vital functions like breathing, heartbeat, and digestion, amongst others
Autonomic Nervous System
An example of this research method would be a study that surveys a diverse group of teenagers from different schools at the same time to explore their social media usage and mental health.
What is a cross-sectional study?
This part on the top and back of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing touch, temperature, and body position.
What is the parietal lobe?
A 32-year-old woman comes to the doctor complaining of blurry vision, muscle weakness, and numbness in her legs. An MRI shows damage to the myelin sheath on her neurons. She is likely showing early symptoms of this disorder.
Multiple Sclerosis
During REM sleep, the motor cortex is active, but this brain structure blocks its messages, leaving the body essentially paralyzed.
The brainstem