Test like Questions
Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a
Visual deficit
Jack was at a tasting event and could identify several distinct flavors in the wine he was drinking using this sense
Gustation
the brain’s ability to change, especially during child-hood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience
Neuroplasticity
a nerve network that travels through the brain-stem into the thalamus; it filters information and plays an important role in controlling arousal.
reticular formation
a cerebral cortex area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.
somatosensory cortex
A researcher wants to study the brain activity of students as they take a difficult math exam. To do this, the researcher has the students wear a special cap with electrodes that can measure the electrical signals produced by the students' brains. This technique is called:
EEG
saiah rubs his knee after bumping it, reducing the pain experienced by his brain
Gate Control Theory
onsists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum; directs essen-tial survival functions, such as breathing, sleeping, and wakefulness, as well as coordination and balance.
hindbrain
neural system located mostly in the forebrain — below the cerebral hemispheres — that includes the amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus, and pituitary gland; associated with emotions and drives.
limbic system
processing multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously
parallel processing
A neuron receives an excitatory neurotransmitter and fires an action potential. Which of the following is the correct term for the time shortly after a neuron fires and before it fires again?
Refractory period
After Amira stayed up late studying for her final exam and had a poor night’s sleep, she spent more time in REM sleep the next night.
REM Rebound
the central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic sur-vival functions.
brainstem
two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion.
amygdala
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
Hallucinations
After experiencing a stroke, Emma struggles to speak fluently. She understands what she wants to express but speaks slowly, with difficulty forming complete sentences and proper grammar. The area of Emma’s brain most likely affected is:
Broca's Area
Luca can speak fluently, but his sentences don’t make sense, a symptom of aphasia in this area of the brain.
Wernicke's Area
the hindbrain structure that is the brainstem’s base; controls heartbeat and breathing
medulla
the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the forebrain’s cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ulti-mate control and information-processing center.
cerebral cortex
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The affected person may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
Narcolepsy
The participants in research who serve as the baseline for comparison.
Control Group
James’s ability to remember important details relies on this neurotransmitter, which is essential for memory.
Acetylcholine
the forebrain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
thalamus
the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; it receives sensory input for touch and body position
parietal lobes
individuals who developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary siblings, but they share a prenatal environment.
fraternal or dizygotic twins