Physical Development
The coordination of larger actions such as standing and walking.
What are gross motor skills?
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.
What is assimilation?
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment.
What is a cognitive map?
The stimulus that does not elicit a response prior to conditioning.
What is the neutral stimulus?
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing an aversive stimulus.
What is negative reinforcement?
This experiment indicated infant's ability to perceive depth and biological readiness to perceive spatial relationships.
What is the Visual Cliff Experiment?
In the Concrete Operational Stage, children gain the ability to undo a sequence of events back to its original starting point.
What is reversibility?
The psychologist that developed the Social Learning Theory, we learn social behavior by observing and imitating others.
Who is Albert Bandura?
Any response that always and natural occurs at the presentation of the Unconditioned Stimulus
What is an unconditioned response?
Decreasing a behavior by administering an aversive stimulus.
What is positive punishment?
How social, emotional, and cognition influences the overall health and length of an individual's life.
What is longevity?
In the Preoperational stage, children gain the ability to understand that others have different beliefs, wishes, emotions and perceptions that influence their behavior.
What is theory of mind?
The results of this experiment concluded that the group of children who witnessed the aggressive adult model were more likely to imitate the aggressive behavior than children who did not.
What is the Bobo Doll Experiment?
No longer responding (CR) to the original stimulus (CS)
What is extinction?
Schedule of reinforcement where a stimulus will occur at any time randomly within a set time limit.
What is variable-interval?
A thematic issue of developmental psychology that questions if development is gradual or does it proceed in distinct stages.
What is Continuity and Discontinuity?
Erikson's first stage that begins in infancy where if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust in their caregiver.
What is trust v. mistrust?
Occurs when organisms learn that they have no control over their experience of aversive consequences in a given situation.
What is learned helplessness
Organisms grow accustomed to and exhibit a diminished response to a repeated or enduring stimulus.
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer. Ex.) money
What is a secondary reinforcer?
During adolescence, the brain eliminates unnecessary synaptic connections & focuses on improving stronger connections.
What is neural pruning?
What is identity diffusion?
When information is learned without reinforcement but it is not immediately evident.
What is latent learning?
Animals are predisposed to learn stimulus-response pairings.
What is biological preparedness?
A schedule of reinforcement where a stimulus will happen at random during a set number of occurrences.
What is Variable-ratio?