Motivation
Learning that certain events occur together
What is Associative Learning
Suggest that facial expressions can influence emotions, meaning that smiling can make youn feel happier and frowning makes you sadder
What is Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Emphasizes the study of the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual, focuses on self-growth and unconditional positive regard
(Karl Rodgers)What is Humanistic Psychology
Explains how people decide whether someone’s behavior is caused by their personality or their situation
Dispositional-actions due to personality
Situational-actions due to circumstance
What is Attribution theory
The tendency to see members of an out group as more similar to each other than they really are (less varied than members of ones own group)
What is Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
Behavior motivated by the need to reduce internal drives (restore homeostasis)
Ex. Eating when hungry
What is Drive Reduction Theory
Personality is shaped by unconscious forces/drives
What is Psychodynamic Theory
Emphasizes the influence of cognitive processes, behaviors, context in understanding personality, human (observations, nurture, naturalistic)
What is Social Cognitive Theory
Influence to conform to positive expectations of others, driven by desire to be liked or accepted by the group
What is Normative Social Influence
The belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture
What is Ethnocentrism
Individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of alertness, increase alertness
Ex.Brain break,energy drink
What is Arousal Theory
Negative impulses and urges are channeled into something socially acceptable
What is Sublimation
Concept in social cognitive theory proposing that individual’s behavior (personal factors/thoughts and emotions), and environment influence each other
What is Reciprocal Determinism
Phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present
What is Bystander Effect
The self-less concern for the well-being of others, leading to behavior that benefits others at a personal cost
What is Altruism
Ones motivation is driven by the need for varied,novel,intense experiences
Ex.dare devils
What is Sensation Seeking Theory
Redirect feelings to a safer or more acceptable target
What is Displacement
Suggest that personality is made up of stable characteristics (traits) and they influence how a person thinks/behaves
What is Trait Theories
The tendency to blame people’s actions more on their personality and less on their situation
What is Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency to attribute one’s successes to personal characteristics and failure to external factors, enhancing one’s self-esteem
What is Self-Serving Bias
Tendency to seek out social and experimental thrills by engaging in behaviors that are typically restrained by social norms
What is Disinhibition
Positive emotions help us think more openly and try new things, negative emotions do the opposite, making us think narrowly/act less
What is Broaden and Build Theory of Emotion
Innate drive in every individual to grow, develop, realize, fullest potential (intrinsic)
What is Self-Actualizing Tendency
Habit of blaming our own actions on the situation but blaming other people’s actions on their personality
What is Actor-Observer Bias
Stimuli, or events that trigger an emotional response in an individual
What is Elicitors