Unconditionally
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with a stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
What is an Unconditioned Response
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in a DECREASE of the targeted behavior.
What is punishment?
The process by which a subject picks up a new behavior (either in classical or operant conditioning)
What is acquisition?
This famous psychologist produced the "bobo doll experiment" to measure the effects of observational learning and violence in young children.
Who is Albert Bandura?
An adult sticks their tongue out in front of a newborn baby and then the baby sticks its tongue out at the adult. This is an example of ________________.
What is observational learning?
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
What is a Conditioned Stimulus
When a teacher gives you an A+ because you worked hard on an essay, what form of Operant Conditioning is being used?
What is Positive Reinforcement?
This schedule reinforces a desired behavior some of the time in no apparent pattern.
What is an variable (intermittent/partial) Schedule?
The famous psychologist who used his dogs to develop the theory of classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
In learning, the process of showing a behavior for imitation
What is Modeling?
If Beth gets in a car crash that results in her being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in Classical Conditioning?
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus
This term in Operant Conditioning will always result in INCREASING the desired behavior.
What is reinforcement or a reinforcer?
If a test subject has been conditioned to salivate to a bell, but may also salivate to a whistle, we would consider it an example of this term.
What is generalization?
The famous psychologist who used his "_________ box" to study operant conditioning.
Who is BF Skinner?
Frontal Lobe nerve cells that fire when performing specific motor actions but also when observing others do so.
What are Mirror Neurons?
If a person is classically conditioned to flinch in response to the word "CAN" (after being trained with a water spray), what will happen to the behavior if we repeatedly present the word "CAN" but never spray the water?
What is extinction. The association between the word and the behavior will weaken over time until it is forgotten entirely.
A type of reinforcement schedule. When reinforcing or punishing a behavior, we utilize it every time the desired or undesired behavior occurs.
What is Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
If you are able to tell the difference between two closely related stimulus, you are able to ___________ between the two stimulus.
What is discriminate?
Controversial classical conditioning experiment on an infant boy called “Little Albert.” ___________ was interested in examining the effects of conditioning on the fear response in humans
Who is John Watson?
This occurs when repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable and there is nothing that they can do about it.
What is learned helplessness
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed.
What is spontaneous recovery?
A reinforcement schedule. When we wait for a specific number of responses utilizing the desired behavior, we reinforce.
What is a Fixed-Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
The "Aha moment" of learning
What is insight learning?
The psychologist who used a box that contained an electric floor to study dogs and the concept of learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
One can learn something but not show the behavior right away
What is latent learning?