Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items (on the average 7) for a brief time (usually 30 seconds) before the information is stored or forgotten.
What is short-term memory?
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice.
What is the spacing effect?
A logical, step-by-step procedure that, if followed correctly, will eventually solve a specific problem.
What is an algorithm?
The smallest units of meaning in a language.
What are morphemes?
Tests designed to assess current performance in an ability.
What are achievement tests?
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
What is iconic memory?
Unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, or frequency. Includes well-learned information such as that concerned with language.
What is automatic processing?
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a typical example.
What is the representative heuristic?
Occurs when children apply a grammatical rule too widely and therefore created incorrect forms.
What is overregularization?
The ability to utilize skills and knowledge acquired via prior learning - increases with age as one’s accumulated knowledge and experiences expand.
What is crystallized intelligence?
Memories of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”, such as telling about a vacation or giving directions.
What is explicit memory?
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory (previously learned information).
What is priming?
The tendency to continue using belief systems and problem-solving strategies that have worked in the past, even though it may not be working now.
What is a mental set?
The concept that language and its structures determine human knowledge or thought.
What is linguistic determinism?
The extent to which a test yields consistent results.
What is reliability?
Remembering not to forget to do something.
What is prospective memory?
What we learn in one state may be more easily recalled when we are again in that state, such as being happy or sad.
What is state-dependent memory?
A type of thinking in which problem solvers devise a number of possible alternative approaches to problems and multiple solutions.
What is divergent thinking?
A specific period in development during which an organism is most vulnerable to the deprivation or absence of certain environmental stimuli or experiences.
What is a critical period?
The extent to which variation in intelligence test scores in a group of people being studied is attributable to genetic factors.
What is heritability of intelligence?
The knowledge and regulation of cognitive phenomena which means, you can control your own thoughts (thinking about thinking).
What is metacognition?
The inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories, is associated with the rapid forgetting that occurs in childhood.
What is infantile amnesia?
Reasoning from the specific to the general.
What is inductive reasoning?
The ability to communicate in a language with skills like writing and speaking.
What is productive language?
A condition characterized by generally low scores on traditional intelligence tests but one or more extraordinary abilities.
What is Savant Syndrome?