(Important)people and their theories
Who is the controversial psychologist who based their personality theories on the unconscious?
Sigmund Freud
What is a primary drive? *
an unlearned drive based on survival (Hunger, thirst, etc)
What theory suggested this?:
Stimulus -> Arousal (SNS) -> Emotion
the James Lange theory
What does OCEAN stand for?
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
What is the control system that dictates how much weight each of us carry? (It’s different for each person) *
Set point
What trait theory test did Costa and McCrae make? *
The Big Five test
What is the concept in which two opposing thoughts clash against each other, causing discomfort, and leading to us trying to justify the situation? *
What is cognitive dissonance
What does the Schachter Two Factor theory say?
Stimulus -> arousal -> label/emotion simultaneous?
What are the types of intelligence in Sternberg’s triarchic theory? *
Analytical, practical, and creative
What is the ‘formula’ for IQ? *
mental age : chronological age x 100?
Who proposed the multiple intelligences (8) theory?
Howard Gardner
Sarah is known to be a very popular and nice person. They have friends, a loving family and never had financial troubles at home. However, she never feels like she‘s getting good grades and always feels like they’re always losing or underperforming in competitions. What stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is Sarah in?
(self) esteem
What is the theory that states that if you‘re “forced” to smile, it will make you happier?
the facial feedback hypothesis
Alex is facing a lot of stress, as she has applied to three universities and so far two of them have rejected her. Alex’s parents have noticed that she’s biting her nails more often now, which is a habit from her childhood. What defense mechanism is Alex showing?
Regression
What is the difference between anorexia and bulimia?
When you have anorexia, you engage in a starvation diet, not eating anything or eating very little. When you have bulimia, you engage in cycles of binge eating and then try to ‘get rid’ of the food in hopes of losing weight.
What idea did Carl Rogers propose?
The idea of self-concept
When do you achieve self-actualization?
When one’s full potential has been achieved/discovered
What are a social group or culture’s norms of how to express certain emotions?
Display rules
What is wrong with trait theory?
It ignores how the situation plays a role in behaviour.
What happens during resistance? (general adaptation syndrome)
You are dealing with stress
Who said that personality develops in context of social relationships?
Karen Horney
Stefan is sweeping his floor and he finds that that is easier to do than his math homework, even though he’s concentrating harder when he’s doing his homework. What concept does this follow?
The Yerkes Dodson Law (AKA the optimal arousal law/theory)
What are the six universal emotions? *
Happiness, anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, and feat
What is the actual self? *
The way other people see us
What is reciprocal determinism? *
The interaction of behavior, cognitions, and environments that make up you as a person