Module 60
What term is used to describe an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting?
personality
According to Maslow, this term describes the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.
self-transcendence
What are the "Big Five" personality factors? (list the five traits)
conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion
Who proposed the social-cognitive perspective on personality?
Albert Bandura
This term is used to describe excessive self-love and self-absorption.
In psychoanalysis, this is a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
free association
Which theory of personality offers a special focus on the potential for healthy personal growth?
Humanistic
Jayne refuses to cheat on an exam that many of her friends have shown her copies of. Jayne would rank high on which of the Big Five traits?
conscientiousness
This approach to personality focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development.
behavioral approach
This term is used to describe one's feelings of high or low self-worth.
self-esteem
According to Sigmund Freud, which defense mechanism buries threatening or upsetting events in the unconscious?
repression
Carl Rogers felt that we are our best selves when we feel accepted for who we are. What did he call this accepting attitude?
unconditional positive regard
What type of test is created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups?
empirically derived test
Which assessment tool would a social-cognitive psychologist most likely use?
A. Projective test
B. Personality inventory
C. MMPI
D. Interview
E. Observation
E. Observation
Athletes who often privately credit their victories to their own abilities, and their losses to bad breaks, lousy officiating, or the other team's exceptional performance, are exhibiting which psychological concept?
The self-serving bias
The Freudian concept of ego is best described as
A. operating on the reality principle.
B. operating on the pleasure principle.
C. focusing solely on the morality of an issue.
D. the repression of disturbing thoughts.
E. striving for perfection.
A. operating on the reality principle.
Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for which of the following?
A. Empathy
B. Love
C. Evil
D. Excitement
E. Self-acceptance
C. Evil
Which of the Big Five personality traits is best described along a continuum ranging from ruthless and suspicious to helpful and trusting?
Agreeableness
What is one thing that social-cognitive personality theorists have been criticized for underemphasizing the importance of?
Answers may be any of the following:
- The importance of unconscious motives
- The importance of emotions
- The importance of biologically influenced traits
Paula and Juliana went to a baseball game and were shown on the centerfield screen. Juliana was embarrassed, because she had mustard on her face form her hot dog. In reality, no one in the crowd noticed the mustard. Juliana was overestimating how much attention people were paying to her due to what psychological phenomenon?
the spotlight effect
Elaine's friends know that she should never be trusted with a secret, as she will tell everyone almost immediately. Elaine, however, complains that he friends can't be trusted. Elaine is making use of which defense mechanism?
projection
Maslow and Rogers would explain that adolescents who are struggling to form their identity are seeking to discover their what?
self-concept
Which two primary dimensions did Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck propose for describing personality variation?
extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability
Children's TV-viewing habits (past behavior) influence their viewing preferences (internal personal factor), which influence how television (environmental factor) affects their current behavior. What is this an example of?
reciprocal determinism
Cultures that emphasize _________________ tend to value group goals, social identity, and commitments.
collectivism