Unit 3
What is it called when you remove an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior?
Negative reinforcement
What is it called when you improve performance on simple tasks in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
According to Freud, the pleasure-seeking part of personality is the...?
Id
Provided an example of extrinsic motivation.
Answers may vary: Studying for good grades
Driving behavior by external factors rather than personal enjoyment.
When people feel powerless after repeated failures, they may develop...?
Learned helplessness
What is learning that becomes apparent only when it is needed?
Latent learning
Agreeing to a small request before a larger request demonstrates..?
Foot in the door phenomenon
What is altruism?
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
According to the drive-reduction theory, humans are motivated to...?
Maintain homeostasis
Agoraphobia
According to Erikson, young adults (20s - 40s) are mainly concerned with?
Intimacy vs. isolation
Cultures emphasizing group goals and harmony are...?
Collectivist
According to cognitive dissonance theory, people experience discomfort when...?
Their attitudes and behaviors conflict
What is the DSM-5 primarily used for?
Diagnose psychological disorders
Repetitive thoughts and behaviors are characteristics of...?
OCD
Slot machines use which reinforcement schedule?
Variable ratio
What is the tendency to overestimate personality factors and underestimate situational factors when judging others called?
Fundamental Attribution Error
According to Carl Rogers, healthy development requires accepting and supporting a person’s inherent worth without judgment. What is this called?
Unconditional positive regard
Give two examples of ways we can enhance well-being.
Aerobic exercise, mindfulness meditation, expressing gratitude, practicing faith
What disorder can lithium be used to treat?
Bipolar disorder
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that naturally triggers a response is...?
Unconditioned stimulus
Which personality test is widely used to assess psychological disorders?
MMPI
Describe temperament.
It is a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Describe the Yerkes-Dodson Law
It is the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point.
Major depressive disorder is a disorder in which a person experiences five or more symptoms lasting two or more weeks.