Renaissance
People
People
an important philosopher and politician of ancient Rome; studied by humanists like Petrarch
Cicero
inventor of the printing press by using movable type. The mass production of paper and the commercial production of manuscripts spread Renaissance ideas all over Europe.
Johannes Gutenberg
english king who broke with Rome because he wanted an annulment with Catherine of Aragon, issued the first act of Supremacy
Henry VIII
disagreed with Henry and was beheaded, now a Catholic saint
Thomas More
Founded the Society of Jesus, a group of staunch Catholics.
Ignatius Loyola
used wealth from banking to gain political control of Florence during the Renaissance
Medici
Wrote the "Decameron" which tells about ambitious merchants, protrays a sensual and worldly society.
Boccaccio
leader of the Huguenots during the war of 3 henrys and became Henry IV and issued the Edict of Nantes
Henry of Navarre
the catholic who was Elizabeth's heir and had a claim to the throne, was involved in several plots on Elizabeth's life, but was eventually beheaded
Mary, Queen of Scots
son of Mary Queen of Scots, first of Stuart kings of England, had been King James VI of Scotland, came to English throne as foreigner, strong believer in Divine Right of Kings, Parliamentary issues - Great Protestation
King James I
considered the father of humanism; coined the term "Dark Ages"; studied ancient literary classics
Petrarch
Wrote "The Prince" which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means."
Niccolo Machiavelli
man hired by Albert to sell indulgences,
"When a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs"
Tetzel
man who brought the reformation to Switzerland and attacks the mass, indulgences, monasticism, and clerical celibacy.
Ulrich Zwingli
(r. 1503-1521) A very militaristic pope, rebuilt St. Peter's Basilica, patronized the greatest artists of the time
Pope Julius II
(1406-1457) "On Pleasure", and "On the False Donation of Constantine", which challenged the authority of the papacy. Father of modern historical criticism.
Lorenzo Valla
German family who were patrons of the arts in Germany and sponsored artists of the Northern Renaissance
Fugger family
son of Charles V who inherited Spain, all of Spain's territories in the new world, and the netherlands
Philip II
an elector in the HRE who forbade the selling of indulgences in his duchy
Fredrick of Saxony
(1533-1592) A French writer, invented the essay
Montaigne
Wrote "The Courtier" which was about education and manners and had a great influence. It said that an upper class, educated man should know many academic subjects and should be trained in music, dance, and art.
Castiglione
historian who was the first to use the term "humanism, " he wrote an extensive history of the city of Florence.
Leonardo Bruni
a swedish king who fought on the side of the Protestants and was subsidized by France
Gustavus Adolphus
the woman who founded the Ursuline order of nuns
Angela Merici
(1475-1507) The son of Pope Alexander VI, conquered much of central Italy, Machiavelli's ideal "Prince"
Cesare Borgia