7 Perspectives
This perspective focuses on how behavior is acquired or modified through conditioning and observational learning.
Behavioral perspective
In an experiment, this is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher.
Independent Variable (IV)
This measure of central tendency is the arithmetic average of a data set.
The Mean
According to APA ethics, participants must sign this document, indicating they understand the risks and benefits of the study.
Informed Consent
A psychologist from this perspective might investigate how brain chemistry, hormones, or genetics influence aggressive behavior.
Biological (or Biopsychological) perspective
This type of research method looks at the relationship between two variables without manipulating them, but it cannot prove causation.
Correlational research
This type of distribution is often seen in salary data, where most employees earn lower salaries, but a few executives earn very high salaries.
positive (or right) skew
If a study uses deception, the researcher must perform this procedure immediately after the study concludes.
Debriefing
This perspective, heavily influenced by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences.
What is the Psychodynamic perspective
This procedure ensures that every participant has an equal chance of being placed in the experimental or control group.
Random Assignment
This type of inferential test is used to compare the means of two independent groups, such as a treatment group and a control group.
A t-test
This ethical principle requires that personal information about participants is not shared with anyone outside the study.
Confidentiality
This perspective focuses on self-actualization, free will, and the human potential for growth.
Humanistic perspective
This is an in-depth, intensive investigation of a single individual or a small group.
Case Study
In psychology, a result is generally considered "statistically significant" if the probability of it occurring by chance is less than this percentage. (p < .05)
5 percent
The committee at an institution that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met is known by this acronym.
IRB (Institutional Review Board)
This perspective examines how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
Socio-cultural (or Social-Cultural) perspective
This phenomenon occurs when a participant's belief in a treatment causes an improvement in their condition, rather than the treatment itself.
Placebo Effect
If a researcher studies the same group of people over a 20-year period, they are using this type of research design.
Longitudinal study
This is the overarching principle that research risks must be balanced against the potential benefits to society.
Risk/Benefit Analysis (or Protection from Harm)