Rejecting the H0
This phrase is used to describe an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance.
What is statistically significant?
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials, each observation to be independent, and to have two outcomes ("success" or "failure").
What is a binomial random variable?
This calculator command can be used to find the area under a normal distribution and above an interval.
What is normalcdf?
How to identify outliers for one variable data.
What is Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?
The likelihood of a significance test detecting an effect when there actually is one.
What is statistical power?
The type of significance test used for the mean of a single population when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.
What is a T test?
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
What are disjoint events (or mutually exclusive events)?
This rule helps to determine if data is normally distributed by checking the number of observations within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations away from the mean.
What is the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7 Rule)?
Neither the subject nor those who measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
Rejecting the null hypothesis of no effect when it is actually true.
What is a Type I error?
The three conditions needed for a z-test.
What are the random condition, 10% condition, and large counts condition?
The probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.
What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = 1/216
This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is the median?
The 3 basic principles of experimental design.
What are control, randomize, and replicate?
Usually set at 5%.
What is significance level?
The interpretation of the p-value of 0.001 given an alpha = 0.05.
What is "since the p-value is less than alpha = 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis, and conclude there is significant evidence to support the alternative hypothesis"?
The probability of pulling a red or a Queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen) = 28/52
The square of the standard deviation
What is the variance?
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample.
What is undercoverage bias?
Not rejecting the null hypothesis of no effect when it is actually false.
What is a Type II error?
The 95% confidence interval (-4.25,-1.33) for the difference of two means (mean #1 - mean #2).
What is "We are 95% confident that the true difference of means, mean #1 - mean #2, is between -4.25 and -1.33"?
The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.
What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)?
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed x, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is the z-score (or standardized value)?
What is cluster sampling?
the magnitude of a difference between groups or a relationship between variables.
What is Effect Size?