Types of Bias
Email sample.
What is selection/undercoverage bias?
One variable.
What is goodness of fit?
A sampling distribution is the distribution of this statistic calculated from many random samples of the same size.
What is a sample statistic (such as the sample mean or sample proportion)?
This value measures how confident we are that a confidence interval captures the true population parameter.
What is the confidence level?
In the regression equation y = a + bx, this letter represents the slope.
What is b?
Only 25% of subjects answered the survey.
What is nonresponse bias?
Two variable.
What is test for independence?
As sample size increases, the variability of the sampling distribution does this.
What is decreases?
This symbol represents the population mean.
What is u?
If the slope is negative, as x increases, y tends to do this.
What is decreases?
Call-in radio shows.
What is voluntary response bias?
What data chi-squared tests analyze.
What is observed and expected?
For a population with mean 50, this is the mean of the sampling distribution.
What is 50?
Increasing the sample size generally has this effect on the width of a confidence interval.
What is making it narrower?
The slope of a regression line is interpreted in terms of this variable changing by one unit.
What is the explanatory variable?
People prefer vanilla ice cream over chocolate ice cream.
What is conformation bias?
A die is fair.
What is goodness of fit?
The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is called this.
What is the standard error?
This is the formula component calculated as critical value multiplied by standard error.
What is the margin of error?
A slope of 2.5 means the predicted response variable changes by this amount for every one-unit increase in x.
What is an increase of 2.5 units?
Non-confidential survey results.
What is social desirability response bias?
Proportion of people who are left-handed is the same for Americans and Canadians.
What is test for independence?
A population is right-skewed. A researcher takes samples of size 100. The sampling distribution of x will be approximately this shape.
What is approximately normal?
This condition states that the sample should be less than 10% of the population when sampling without replacement.
What is the 10% condition?
If the correlation coefficient r=0, the slope of the least-squares regression line must be this.
What is 0?