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Organizing Data
Data Relationships
Producing Data & Experiments
Probability & Distributions
Inference & Tests
100
This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is the median?
100
observed y - predicted y
What is the residual?
100
This phrase is used to describe an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance. (p<0.05)
What is statistically significant?
100
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials.
What is a binomial random variable?
100
The type of significance test used for the mean of a single population when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.
What is a T test (or T procedure)?
200
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed x, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is the z-score (or standardized value)?
200
Measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
What is correlation (or r)?
200
Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
200
The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen)?
200
The formula to calculate the one-sample z statistic.
What is z = (x - μ ) / [ σ /sqrt(n) ] ?
300
This rule helps to determine if data is normally distributed by checking the number of observations within each interval-empirical rule
What is the 68-95-99.7 rule?
300
The fraction of the variables in the values of y that is explained by the LSR of y on x.
What is the coefficient of determination (or r squared)?
300
This experimental design involves the random assignment of units to treatments which are carried out separately within each group of units known to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the responses.
What is block design?
300
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
What are disjoint events (or mutually exclusive events)?
300
The conditions to use this test include all expected counts be greater than or equal to 1 and no more than 20% of all the expected counts be less than 5.
What is the goodness of fit (or chi-square) test?
400
The square of the standard deviation.
What is the variance?
400
Applying a logarithmic transformation to both variables causes this type of model to become linear.
What is a power model?
400
The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.
What is confounding?
400
The rule for finding 10 successes in 15 trials.
What is P(X=10) = (15 C 10)*p^10*(1-p)^5 ?
400
What is the difference between Type I error and Type II error?
Type I error is means you reject Ho, but it is true. "false positive" Type II error means you accept Ho when Ha is true. "false negative"
500
This calculator command can be used to find the area under a normal distribution and above an interval.
What is normalcdf?
500
Refers to the reversal of the direction of a comparison or an association when data from several groups are combined to form a single group.
What is Simpson's Paradox?
500
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
500
Name the four conditions necessary for Geometric Distribution.
1.Each observation falls into one of just two categories, which we call “success” or “failure”. 2.The probability of success, call it p, is the same for each observation. 3.The observations are all independent. 4.The variable of interest is the number of trials required to obtain the first success.
500
The local utility company surveys 101 randomly selected customers. For each survey participant, the company collects the following: annual electric bill (in dollars) and home size (in square feet). Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 15 3 5.0 0.00 Home size 0.55 0.24 2.29 0.01 What is the Regression equation? What is the df?
Regression equation: Annual bill = 0.55 (Home size) + 15 DF = n - 2 = 101 - 2 = 99