This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is the median?
100
A study that is conducted that cannot show causation.
What is an observational study?
100
This phrase is used to describe an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance.
What is statistically significant?
100
This type of random variable requires a fixed number of trials.
What is a binomial random variable?
100
The type of significance test used for the mean of a single population when the standard deviation of the population is unknown.
What is a T test (or T procedure)?
200
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed x, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is the z-score (or standardized value)?
200
A group of individuals from a population chosen in such a way that every set of n individuals has an equal chance to be in the sample actually selected.
What is an SRS (simple random sample)?
200
The type of graph that shows quantitative data with equally wide bars.
What is a histogram?
200
The type of variable where the probability distribution assigns probability as the area under the density curve above a specific interval.
What is a continuous random variable?
200
The formula to calculate the one-sample z statistic.
What is z = (x bar minus mu sub o) divided by (sigma divided by the square root of n) ?
300
This rule helps to determine if data is normally distributed by checking the number of observations within each interval.
What is the 68-95-99.7 rule?
300
The subset of the possible outcomes in a chance process.
What is an event?
300
This experimental design involves the random assignment of units to treatments which are carried out separately within each group of units known to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the responses.
What is block design?
300
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
What are disjoint events (or mutually exclusive events)?
300
When we incorrectly reject the null hypothesis.
What is a Type I error?
400
The square of the standard deviation.
What is the variance?
400
The appropriate z-star for a 90% confidence interval is
What is z = 1.65?
400
The 3 basic principles of experimental design.
What are control, randomize, and replicate?
400
The condition involving the population size that must be satisfied to use sigma divided by the square root of n as the standard deviation of a sampling distribution.
What is 'the population is at least 10 times the sample size'?
400
If the probability is less than alpha, we do this to the null hypothesis?
What is reject?
500
This calculator command can be used to find the area under a normal distribution and above an interval.
What is normalcdf?
500
Refers to the reversal of the direction of a comparison or an association when data from several groups are combined to form a single group.
What is Simpson's Paradox?
500
The five steps of a simulation.
What are state/describe the problem, state assumptions, assign digits, simulate repetition, and state the conclusion?
500
If P(A) times P(B) = P(A and B), we can say the events are.
What is independent?
500
When calculating the standard deviation of a two sample proportions problem, we use this.