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Sampling & Experiments
Interpretations
Important Things You May Have Forgotten
Probability Rules!
Calculator Commands
100

Neither the subject nor those who measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received.

What is a double-blind experiment?

100
A z-score of -3.45
What is "The data value is 3.45 standard deviations below the mean"?
100

How to identify outliers for univariate data

What is Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?

100
The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen)?
100
Ten random intergers from 1 to 100.
What is MATH--> PRB--> 5: RantInt(1,100,10)
200
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
What is undercoverage?
200
The slope in the least-square regression line, y = 15 - 4x
What is "For every one unit increase in the explanatory variable, there is on average a 4 unit decrease in the reponse variable"?
200
The expected value of a discrete random variable
What is the mean of the random variable found by summing the products of the values of x and their repsective probabilities?
200
The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.
What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)
200
compute statistics for a set of data

What is 1-vars stats?

300
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
300

P-value = 0.001

What is "since the P-value is less than any reasonable significance level, we reject the null hypothesis, and conclude there is significance evidence to support the alternative hypothesis"?

300
How to determine if two events, A and B, are independent
What is P(B|A) = P(B) or P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)?
300

The rule for finding the probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.

What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3?

300

Given a Normal distribution with mean = 70 and standard deviation = 2. Find the probability that a data value is at least 75.

What is Normalcdf(75, 100000, 70,2)?

400
The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.
What is confounding?
400
95% Confidence level for a poplulation proportion
What is What is "This interval was created using methods that capture the true proportion 95% of the time"?
400
The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means
What is the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size?
400

P(A) * P(B|A)

What is P(A and B)

400
The z* for a 92% confidence interval
What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> invNorm(.96)?
500

dividing sample according to some important characteristic

What is stratifying?

500
The 95% confidence interval (-4.25, -1.33) for the difference of two means (mean #1 - mean #2).
What is "With 95% confidence, we estimate that mean #1 is between 4.25 and 1.33 units less than mean #2"
500
The standard deviation of the difference between two random variables.
What is the square root of the sum of the variances of the two random variables?
500
The rule for finding 10 successes in 15 trials.
What is P(X=10) = (15 C 10)*p^10*(1-p)^5
500

The probability of exactly 8 successes in 12 trials given a probability of success of 45%.

What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> binompdf(12,.45,7)?