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Sampling & Experiments
Interpretations
Important Things You May Have Forgotten
Probability Rules!
Calculator Commands
100
Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
100

Conclusion when p-value = 0.001

What is "since the P-value is less than any reasonable significance level, we reject the null hypothesis, and conclude there is significance evidence to support the alternative hypothesis"?

100
How to identify outliers for univariate data
What is Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?
100
The rule for finding the probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.
What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3?
100

Conducting a test: According to the 2010 U.S. Census, 11.7% of the people in the state of Oregon were Hispanic or Latino. A political party wants to know whether that has changed


When is (stat -> tests ->) 1-prop z-test used?

200
A common form of blocking for comparing just two treatments.
What is matched pairs?
200
The slope in the least-square regression line, y = 15 - 4x
What is "For every one unit increase in the explanatory variable, there is on average a 4 unit decrease in the reponse variable"?
200
The expected value of a discrete random variable
What is the mean of the random variable found by summing the products of the values of x and their repsective probabilities?
200
The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen)?
200
The correlation coefficient between L1 and L2
What is STAT-->CALC-->8:LinReg(a+bx) L1, L2?
300
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
What is undercoverage?
300
A z-score of -3.45
What is "The data value is 3.45 standard deviations below the mean"?
300
How to determine if two events, A and B, are independent
What is P(B|A) = P(B) or P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)?
300
The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.
What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)
300

The chi-squared test statistic with observed values in L1 and expected counts in L2

What is (stat -> tests) chi-square GOF with df=#rows -1

400
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
400

The 95% confidence interval (-4.25, -1.33) for the difference of two means (mean #1 - mean #2).

What is "With 95% confidence, we estimate that mean #1 is between 4.25 and 1.33 units less than mean #2"

400
The standard deviation of the difference between two random variables.
What is the square root of the sum of the variances of the two random variables?
400
The rule for finding the probability of obtaining the first success on the 5th trial.
What is P(X=5) = p(1-p)^4
400
The probability of at least 8 successes in 12 trials given a probability of success of 45%.
What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> 1-binomcdf(12,.45,7)?
500
The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.
What is confounding?
500

95% Confidence LEVEL for a poplulation proportion

What is "if we repeat this procedure, take 100 different samples of size n and create 100 different confidence intervals from those samples, approximately 95% of those intervals will capture the true population proportion"

500
The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means
What is the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size?
500
The rule for finding 10 successes in 15 trials.
What is P(X=10) = (15 C 10)*p^10*(1-p)^5
500

This calculator command finds the probability that a random sample of size 100 from a population with mean = 7 and standard deviation = 3 will have sample mean greater than 8

What is normalcdf(8, infinity, mean = 7, stdev = 0.3)?