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Sampling & Experiments
Interpretations
Important Things You May Have Forgotten
Probability Rules!
Calculator Commands
100
Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
100

P-value = 0.001

What is "since the P-value is less than any reasonable significance level, we reject the null hypothesis, and conclude there is significance evidence to support the alternative hypothesis"?

100
How to identify outliers for univariate data
What is Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?
100
The rule for finding the probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.
What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3?
100
Calculate the mean, standard deviation and 5-number summary for a set of quantitative data

What is "Store the data in a list, then do STAT-->CALC-->1-1-Var Stats"?

200
A common form of blocking for comparing just two treatments.
What is matched pairs?
200

Interpreting the slope of the least squares regression line given by

height-hat = 38.30+1.43*footlength

What is "For every one unit increase in the footlength, we predict a 1.43 unit increase in the height"?

200
The expected value of a discrete random variable
What is the mean of the random variable found by summing the products of the values of x and their repsective probabilities?
200
The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen)?
200
The probability of at least 8 successes in 12 trials given a probability of success of 45%.
What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> 1-binomcdf(12,.45,7)?
300
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
What is undercoverage?
300
A z-score of -3.45
What is "The data value is 3.45 standard deviations below the mean"?
300
How to determine if two events, A and B, are independent
What is P(B|A) = P(B) or P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)?
300

The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.

What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female AND AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)

300

The z* for a 92% confidence interval

What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> invNorm(.96)?

or equivalent table value?

400
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
400

Interpretation of 95% Confidence level for the population proportion of Loyola students who drive an SUV is (0.045, 0.086)

What is "We are 95% confident that the true proportion of Loyola students who drive an SUV is between 4.5% to 8.6%?

400
The standard deviation of the difference between two random variables.
What is the square root of the sum of the variances of the two random variables?
400

The rule for finding the probability of obtaining the first success after the 5th trial.

What is P(X> 5) = 1 - P(X <= 4) =

1 - geometricCDF(p, 4)?

400

To carry out a Chi Square Test of Independence...

To carry out a Chi Square GOF Test...

What is "store your observed counts in Matrix A, STAT-TESTS-C: X2-TEST-CALCULATE"?

What is "store your observed counts in L1 and your expected counts in L2, STAT-TESTS-D X2 GOF TEST enter DF CALCULATE"?

500
The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.
What is confounding?
500
The 95% confidence interval (-4.25, -1.33) for the difference of two means (mean #1 - mean #2).
What is "With 95% confidence, we estimate that mean #1 is between 4.25 and 1.33 units less than mean #2"
500

The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means

What is the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size?

500

The rule for finding exactly 10 successes in 15 trials.

What is P(X=10) = (15 C 10)*p^10*(1-p)^5

OR what is binomialPDF(n=15, p, k=10)

500
Randomly assign 40 patients to a new drug or the current drug

What is "put 20 slips of paper with "new" and 20 slips of paper with "current" in a hat, mix up the papers and for each patient, pull out a slip (without replacement) until all  patients have been assigned to a treatment?

OR equivalent randomization method