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Sampling & Experiments
Interpretations
Important Things You May Have Forgotten
Probability Rules!
Calculator Commands
100

Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.

What is a double-blind experiment?

100

P-value = 0.001

What is "Assuming H0 is true, there is a 0.001 probability of getting a sample statistic of x-bar/p-hat or more extreme by chance in a random sample of size n."?

100

How to identify outliers for univariate data

What is Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?

100
The rule for finding the probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.
What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3?
100

The correlation coefficient between L1 and L2

What is STAT-->CALC-->8:LinReg(a+bx) L1, L2?

200

A common form of blocking for comparing just two treatments.

What is matched pairs?

200

The slope in the least-square regression line, y = 15 - 4x

What is "For every one unit increase in the explanatory variable, there is expected to be a 4 unit decrease in the response variable"?

(no credit if "expected" or "predicted" isn't in your answer)

200
The expected value of a discrete random variable
What is the mean of the random variable found by summing the products of the values of x and their repsective probabilities?
200
The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.
What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen)?
200

The probability of at least 8 successes in 12 trials given a probability of success of 45%.

What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> 1-binomcdf(12,.45,7)?

300

When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample

What is undercoverage?

300

A z-score of -3.45

What is "The data value is 3.45 standard deviations below the mean"?

300

How to determine if two events, A and B, are independent

What is P(B|A) = P(B) or P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)?

300
The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.
What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)
300

The z* for a 92% confidence interval

What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> invNorm(.96)?

400

The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.

What is cluster sampling?

400

95% Confidence level for a population proportion

What is "If we were to take many, many samples of size n and calculate many, many intervals, about 95% of the intervals will capture the true population proportion."?


If you started with "We are 95% confident...", that is the interpretation on the confidence interval, not the confidence level.

400

The standard deviation of the difference between two random variables.

What is the square root of the sum of the variances of the two random variables?

400

The rule for finding the probability of obtaining the first success on the 5th trial.

What is P(X=5) = p(1-p)^4

(on the calculator this would be the geometpdf() command)

400

Performing a two sample z test for p1-p2

What is "2-PropZTest." 


Remember the input is x: the number if successes. Not, p-hat.

500

The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.

What is confounding?

500

Given the following output:

S=1.438

R-Sq = 97.7%

R-Sq (adj) = 97.8%


Interpret r2

What is "97.7% of the variability in the response variable is explained by the linear regression model with x=the explanatory variable."



500
The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means
What is the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size?
500

The rule for finding 10 successes in 15 trials.

What is P(X=10) = (15 C 10)*p^10*(1-p)^5

(know the notation, but you can also do this on your calculator using binompdf)

500

Ten random intergers from 1 to 100.

What is MATH--> PRB--> 5: RantInt(1,100,10)