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Sampling & Experiments
Interpretations
Important Things You May Have Forgotten
Probability Rules!
Calculator Commands
100
Neither the subject nor those who measure the reponse variable know which treatment a subject received.
What is a double-blind experiment?
100

P-value = 0.001 vs alpha level of 0.05. 

What is "since the P-value is low (0.001<0.05), we reject the null hypothesis. There is convincing evidence to support the alternative hypothesis"?

100

How to identify outliers for univariate (one variable) data

What is <Q1 - 1.5(IQR) and >Q3 + 1.5(IQR)?

100

The rule for finding the probability of rolling a fair die three times and getting three fours.

What is P(rolling three 4s) = P(4)*P(4)*P(4) = P(4)^3?

100

The correlation coefficient between L1 and L2 

What is STAT-->CALC-->8:LinReg(a+bx) L1, L2?

200

A common form of blocking for comparing just two treatments, where all experimental units receive both treatments.

What is matched pairs?

200

The slope in the least-square regression line, y = 15 - 4x. (Interpretation)

What is "For every one unit increase in the explanatory variable (x) , there is on average a 4 unit decrease in the response variable (y)"?

200

The expected value of a discrete random variable

What is the mean of the random variable found by summing the products of the values of x and their respective probabilities? (the formula is also an acceptable answer)

200

The rule for the probability of pulling a red or queen from a standard deck of cards.

What is P(red or queen) = P(red) + P(queen) - P(red and queen)?

200

The probability of at least 8 successes in 12 trials given a probability of success of 45%. 

What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> 1-binomcdf(12,.45,7)?

300
When some groups in the population are left out of the process of choosing a sample
What is undercoverage?
300

A z-score of -3.45

What is "The data value is 3.45 standard deviations below the mean"?

300

How to determine if two events, A and B, are independent

What is P(B|A) = P(B) or P(A and B) = P(A)P(B)?

300

The rule for finding the probability of a female given that they are an AP Stats student.

What is P(Female|AP Stats Student) = P(Female and AP Stats Student)/P(AP Stats Student)

300

The z* for a 92% confidence interval 

What is DISTR (or 2nd VARS)--> invNorm(.96)?

400
The population is divided into groups. Some groups are randomly selected and all individuals in the chosen groups are sampled.
What is cluster sampling?
400

95% Confidence level for a population proportion

What is "This interval was created using methods that capture the true proportion 95% of the time"?

400

The standard deviation of the difference between two random variables.

What is the square root of the sum of the variances of the two random variables? (the formula is also an acceptable answer)

400

The rule for finding the probability of obtaining the first success on the 5th trial.

What is P(X=5) = p1(1-p)4 or geometpdf(p,5)

400

The chi-squared test statistic for a goodness of fit test with observed values in L1 and expected counts in L2 

What is STAT -> TESTS -> D: chi square GOF test?

500
The effects of two variables on the response cannot be distinguished from each other.
What is confounding?
500

The 95% confidence interval (-4.25, -1.33) for the difference of two means (mean #1 - mean #2).

What is "We are 95% confident that the true mean difference of ____is between -4.25 and 1.33"?

500

The mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means

What is the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample means is equal to the population standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size? (formulas are also acceptable answers)

500

The rule for finding 10 successes in 15 trials.

What is P(X=10) = (15C10)*p10*(1-p)5 or binompdf(15,p,10)

500

Ten random integers from 1 to 100.

What is MATH--> PRB--> 5: RantInt(1,100,10)