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Organizing Data
Data Relationships
Producing Data & Experiments
Probability
"random"
100
This measure of center is more resistant to outliers than the mean.
What is median?
100
observed y - predicted y
What is residual?
100
This experimental design involves the random assignment of units to treatments which are carried out separately within each group of units known to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the responses.
What is block design?
100
Events that have no outcomes in common and can never occur simultaneously, for which the addition rule is used.
What is disjoint (mutually exclusive) events?
100
This is what distinguishes between an experiment and a study.
What is treatment?
200
To calculate, subtract the mean of the distribution from the observed x, then divide by the standard deviation.
What is z-score?
200
Measures the direction and strength of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
What is r (correlation)?
200
This appears when a sample is chosen based on its ease.
What is convenience bias?
200
At a warehouse sale 100 customers are invited to choose one of 100 identical boxes. Five boxes contain $700 color television sets, 25 boxes contain $540 camcorders, and the remaining boxes contain $260 cameras. What should a customer be willing to pay to participate in the sale?
What is $352?
200
This type of experiment means that neither the experimental groups or the researchers know which is which.
What is double blind?
300
This rule helps to determine if data is normally distributed by checking the number of observations within each interval.
What is Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7)?
300
The fraction of the variables in the values of y that is explained by the LSR of y on x.
What is r-squared (coefficient of determination)?
300
This phrase is used to describe an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance.
What is statistically significant?
300
A college basketball player makes 80% of her free throws. Suppose this probability is the same for each free throw she attempts, and free throw attempts are independent. What is the probability that she makes all of her first four free throws and then misses her fifth attempt this season?
What is 0.08192?
300
A television station is interested in predicting whether voters in its viewing area are in favor of offshore drilling. It asks its viewers to phone in and indicate whether they support/are in favor of or are opposed to this practice. Of the 2241 viewers who phoned in, 1574 (70%) were opposed to offshore drilling. Classify the sample.
What is voluntary response?
400
This calculator command can be used to find the area under a normal distribution and above an interval.
What is normalCDF?
400
An obvious pattern in this graph indicates a linear model isn't appropriate.
What is residual plot?
400
This is when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.
What is confounding?
400
Suppose 80% of jurors come to a just decision. In a jury of 6 people. Find the probability more than half come to a just decision.
What is 0.90112?
400
This method of sampling requires that similar groups be classified based on specific differences before being randomly chosen.
What is stratification?
500
The square of the standard deviation.
What is variance?
500
In a study of 2015 model cars, a researcher found that the fraction of the variation in price of cars that was explained by the LSRL on horsepower was 0.64. For the cars in this study, the correlation between the price of the car and its horsepower was found to be positive. What is the actual value of the correlation?
What is 0.80?
500
The 4 basic principles of experimental design.
What is comparison, randomization, control, and replication?
500
“Insert tab A into slot B” is something you might read in the assembly instructions for pre-fabricated bookshelves. Suppose that tab A varies in size according to a Normal distribution with a mean of 30 mm. and a standard deviation of 0.5 mm., and the size of slot B is also Normally distributed, with a mean of 32 mm. and a standard deviation of 0.8 mm. The two parts are randomly and independently selected for packaging. What is the probability that tab A won’t fit into slot B?
What is 0.0170?
500
This is the principle reason for choosing a block design.
What is the belief that the different groups will response differently to the treatments?