Conditional Prob
This vertical bar symbol used in the expression (A|B) is read as this two-word phrase, indicating that event B has already occurred
What is "given that"?
Two events are said to have this relationship if knowing that one event has occurred does not change the probability that the other event will occur
What is independent?
In a tree diagram, if the probabilities on the second stage of branches do not change based on the outcome of the first stage, the two stages are said to have this relationship
What is independent?
This law states that as the number of independent trials increases, the proportion of occurrences of a specific outcome approaches its true theoretical probability
What is the Law of Large Numbers?
To find the probability that Event A or Event B occurs, you add their individual probabilities and subtract this value to ensure the overlap isn't counted twice
What is the intersection?
Two events, A and B, are considered independent if the conditional probability P(A|B) is equal to this value
What is P(A)?
If events A and B are independent, the probability of both occurring P(ANB) can be found by taking this specific mathematical action with their individual probabilities
What is multiplying them?
To verify independence using a Venn diagram, a student must multiply the total probability of Circle A by the total probability of Circle B and see if it exactly equals the value in this specific region
What is the overlap?
In a simulation, this is the term for the smallest indivisible example of the process, such as a single toss of a coin or a single random digit selection
What is a trial?
This is the term for the set of all possible outcomes in a probability experiment, represented in a Venn diagram by the entire rectangular box
What is the sample space?
To calculate the conditional probability of A given B, you divide the probability of the intersection of A and B by this specific value
What is the probability of B?
In problems involving sampling without replacement, trials are independent as long as the sample size is less than this fraction of the population
What is 10%?
In a Venn diagram, if two circles are disjoint, they cannot be independent because knowing Event A happened changes the probability of Event B to this specific value.
What is zero?
This "long-run" definition describes probability as the proportion of times an outcome would occur in a very large series of repetitions
What is relative frequency?
In "at least one" probability problems, it is often mathematically easier to calculate the probability of "none" and perform this final step
What is subtract it from one?
While the simple multiplication rule works for independent events, this general rule states that P(ANB) equals P(B) multiplied by this conditional probability
What is P(A|B)?
When comparing variables in a two-way table, they are independent if the distribution of one variable is the same across all levels of the other, a state known as having no this.
What is an association?
When calculating the probability of a specific path on a tree diagram, you do this to the branches
What is multiplying them?
When using a random number table to simulate picking a committee of three people from a group of ten, you must perform this specific action if you encounter the same digit twice
What is ignoring repeats?
When simulating a scenario where a batter has a 30% chance of a hit using digits 0-9, this is the number of distinct digits that must be assigned to represent a "hit"
What is three? (0,1,2)
When looking at a two-way table of data, this specific type of distribution is found by focusing on a single row or single column to calculate probabilities for that subgroup
What is a conditional distribution?
Because the knowledge that one event happened changes the probability of the other to zero, two events that have this "disjoint" relationship can never be independent
What is mutually exclusive?
The complete opposite of a specific region within a Venn diagram
What is the compliment?
To estimate a probability using a simulation, you divide the number of trials that satisfy the condition by this specific value
What is the total number of trials?
In the description of a simulation, this is the specific term for the outcome you record at the end of each trial, such as "the number of cereal boxes opened to get a prize
What is the response variable?