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z- and t*- Scores
Standard Deviations
Probability
Definitions
100
The formula for a z-score.
What is (x-mean)/standard deviation?
100
The chance of two independent events both occurring.
What is the probability of two events multiplied together?
100
The law of large numbers.
What is the law that states that as the number of observations increases, the mean of the observed values approaches the mean of the population?
200
A qualitative variable.
What is a categorical variable?
200
The sample space.
What is the set of all possible outcomes of a random phenomenon?
200
A variable that is not among the explanatory or response variables in a study, and yet may influence the interpretation of relationships among those variables.
What is a lurking variable?
300
How you determine whether or not data are a outliers.
What is the effect of multiplying the interquartile range by 1.5?
300
The difference between binomial and geometric distributions.
What is a finite number of repetitions vs. repeated attempts until a success is reached?
300
An experiment in which neither the subjects nor those who measure the response know which treatment a subject has received.
What is a double blind experiment?
400
Simpson's Paradox.
What is explains a comparison that holds for all of several groups, but reverses when the data are combined to form a single group.
400
The z-score for a 95% confidence level.
What is 1.960?
400
The formula for the standard deviation of a binomial distribution.
What is the square root of np(1-p)?
400
The formula for the conditional probability of B, given A.
What is (probability of A and B)/(probability of A) the formula for?
400
The difference between r and r^2.
What is the direction and strength of a relationship compared to how well data fits a line instead of the mean?
500
The formula to determine the percent of observations falling within k standard deviations of the mean in any distribution.
What is (100)(1-(1/k^2))?
500
A Type II error.
What is the error in which you incorrectly accept a null hypothesis?
500
The formula for the standard deviation of a binomial distribution.
What is the square root of np(1-p)?
500
The four requirements to use a binomial setting.
What is the following collection of rules applied to? 1. Each observation is either a success or a failure. 2. There is a fixed number of observations. 3. All observations are independent. 4. The probability of success is the same for each observation.