Descriptive Statistics
This measure of center is found by summing all the values and dividing by the number of values.
What is the mean?
The probability of an event that is certain to occur.
What is 1?
A sample where each individual has an equal chance of being selected.
What is a simple random sample?
The symbol used for the population mean.
What is μ (mu)?
A type of graph used to show the relationship between two quantitative variables.
What is a scatterplot?
This measure of spread is the difference between the largest and smallest values.
What is the range?
If A and B are independent, P(A and B) = ?
What is P(A) × P(B)?
A study where the researcher imposes a treatment.
What is an experiment?
A method for estimating population parameters from sample statistics.
What is statistical inference?
This statistic measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship.
What is the correlation coefficient (r)?
The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.
What is the mode?
A distribution where outcomes are equally likely.
What is a uniform distribution?
When participants or researchers do not know which treatment was given.
What is a double blind study?
A range of values within which a population parameter likely falls.
What is a confidence interval?
The line that best fits the data in linear regression.
What is the least-squares regression line?
This is the value that separates the lower 50% from the upper 50% of a data set.
What is the median?
The rule used to find the probability of A or B occurring.
What is the addition rule?
A confounding variable can threaten this key concept.
What is causality?
The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis.
What is a Type I error?
The square of the correlation coefficient, explaining the proportion of variation in y explained by x.
What is r² (coefficient of determination)?
This statistic measures the average squared distance from the mean.
What is the variance?
The probability that event A occurs given that event B has occurred.
What is conditional probability?
The method of randomly assigning units to groups to reduce bias.
What is randomization?
This is the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as the observed one, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
What is a p-value?
The difference between an observed and predicted value in a regression model.
What is a residual?