Terms
Systematic favoritism in selecting the sample.
What is Sampling Bias.
What is the term for a study that observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses?
What is an observational study.
What is the term for selecting individuals to be in the sample in such a way that every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being chosen?
What is simple random sampling.
What is the term for a systematic favoritism in selecting the sample?
What is sampling bias.
Selecting individuals to be in the sample in such a way that every possible sample of the same size has the same chance of being chosen.
What is Simple Random Sampling.
What is the term for a study that deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to observe their responses?
What is an experiment.
This sampling method involves dividing the population into groups and then selecting a simple random sample from each group.
What is cluster sampling.
Name one way to reduce nonresponse bias.
What is follow-up with nonresponders or incentives for responding.
Bias introduced into survey results because individuals refuse to participate.
What is Nonresponse Bias.
A study that follows the same group of individuals over an extended period to observe changes or trends over time.
What is a Longitudinal Study.
What is the main disadvantage of convenience sampling?
What is bias or lack of representativeness.
Define undercoverage.
What is the exclusion of some part of the population from the sampling process.
The process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups.
What is Randomization
A study that analyzes data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time.
What is a Cross Sectional Study.
Explain the difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling.
In stratified sampling, the population is divided into subgroups based on a characteristic, and then samples are randomly selected from each subgroup. In cluster sampling, the population is divided into groups, and then entire groups are randomly selected.
What is the difference between response bias and nonresponse bias?
Response bias occurs when respondents give inaccurate responses, while nonresponse bias occurs when selected individuals do not respond at all.
Dividing the population into groups and then selecting a simple random sample from each group.
What is Cluster Sampling.
What is a study that looks back in time, often using existing data or records?
What is a retrospective study.
A sampling method where the population is ordered in some way, and individuals are selected at regular intervals from this ordered list. The starting point is chosen randomly.
What is Systematic Sampling.
Explain why voluntary response samples are often biased.
Because individuals self-select to be part of the sample, which may not be representative of the entire population.